140 AHoRKilNAL POTTERY OF EASTERN UNITED STATES [eth.. iNN.au 



rather crude attempt to depict a hird-serpcnt monster, isunie of the 

 elements untloiihtedly referring t(^ the eye, wings, and feathers of tlie 

 bird, wliile certain other features suggest the serpent; as a decoration 

 it is \ cry effective. It undoubtedly represents an important niytho- 

 logic concept. The design from the companion vess(>l is ^hown also on 

 this plate (c), and is a more simplified presentation of the same subject. 



Vlw large jar illustrated in plate cxxir/ is unicpie in the shape of 

 the neck, which is de])ressed, sinking partly within the shoulder. The 

 form is graceful and efi'ective, however, and the decoi'ation is the 

 typical button-centered filfot. applied with a paddle-stamp. 



It appears also that ves.sels of the Gulf Coast type — at least with 

 respect to the ornamentation— occur on the Atlantic I'oast. and one is 

 shown in plate cxxi//. This is a tuV)-like specimen, 1.") or It! inches in 

 diameter, with liroken incised scroll work encircling the upper half 

 of th" body, which expands toward the l)ase in a way seldom noticed 

 in ware of its class. 



In the collections recently made by Dr Roland Steiner in northwest- 

 ern Cxeorgia. we find another novelty in the shajx* of some terra-cotta 

 figures. Some of these appear to lia\ e l)een derived from the mar- 

 gins of bowls or other vessels, while others are figurines j)ure and 

 simple. The faces in some eases are modeled with exceptional skill, 

 but the most notable feature is the flattening of the head, which gives 

 to the specimens a striking resemblance to the tiat-lieaded terra-cotta 

 figures of Mexiccx Thes(> o})jects are shown in plates rxxii and cxxiii. 

 The associated \essels are all of South Appalachian type. 



TOBAfCO PiPf:s 



It is difticult to say what forms the tobacco pipes of the southern 

 Indians had taken in pre-Columbian times, the early writers having 

 said little with reference to thi>m. Their great number, the high 

 degree of elaboration, and the wide difierentiation of form indicate, 

 however, a long period of tobacco pipe making. Stone was evi- 

 dently the favorite material, and steatite, especially, being easily 

 car\'ed. handsome in appearance, and not afl'ected by fire, took a promi- 

 nent j)lace. The historic tribes of the region, and especially of the 

 Carolinas, have always been great pipe makei's and have for at least 

 a hundred years" pi'acticed the art with much ardor, using the prod- 

 uct in trade with neighboring tribes and with the whites. This 

 commercial work has led to no end of fanciful elaboration of form, and 

 to much that is sti'aiued and bad. We are led by this circumstance to 

 cpiestion the age of all the more ornate forms of pipes not found in 

 associations that prove them to Vje ancient. 



The prevailing Algoncpiiau clay pipe was a simple bent tube, and 

 the Iroquois elaborated the same general form by various modifica- 



" Lawson, .Inlin, History of Carolinn. Kaleigh, 1860, pp. oG, 33S. 



