HOLM ES] 



TOBACCO PIPES AND OKNAMENTS 



141 



tions and additions. The same radical form i.s discovered in tlie clay 

 pipes of the A|)pahxchian country. As has been observed elsewliere 

 in this paper, the groups or varieties of pipes are not so well marked 

 as are the groups of vessels. Pipes are subject to free transportation, 

 and no matter how distinctive the work of a given people, the pres- 

 ence of so many stocks moving Ijat'k and forth must necessarily 

 have led to much confusion. 



Nothing- more will here be attempted than the pres(>ntation of plates 

 in which are brougiit together a number of tlie more usual clay pipe 

 forms from the general i-egion. The clay used was probably much 

 the same as that employed by the same peoples in vessel making, liut 

 was left pure or was tempei'ed with finely comminuted ingredients. 

 The surfaces were usually well polished or were covered with various 

 relieved ornaments. The colors were those of the baked clay. A.^ a 

 rule tlie fundamental shape was the bent trumpet; often, however, it 

 was much modified, and was sometimes loaded with animal and con- 

 ventional features in relief or in the round, as is shown in plates cxxiv 

 and cxxv. Effigy pipes in clay are not common, but good examples 

 are seen in our museums, and several are presented in plate cxxvi. 



The heavj' pipe with stem and bowl of nearly equal weight is a 

 western and southern type found all the way from Florida to Arkan- 

 sas. Two specimens of this variety were found in a moiuid on tlie St 

 Johns river, Florida, by Mr C. B. Moore. 



POTTERY DISKS 



Potter}' disks cut from sherds of ordinary ware are coumion in the 

 South Appalachian region as well as along the Gulf coast, and it may be 



KiG. 60 — Small disks cut from sherds. 



addefl that they ar<^ found to some extent o^^er nearly the entire pot- 

 tery-producing region. Some of these objects may have been used in 



