158 ABORIGINAL PUTTP^RY OF EASTERN UNITED STATES [eth.anx.20 



tlu' clcso iissociation in some way or other, peaceable or warlike, of the 

 occupant.s of neighboring northern and soutliern provinces. 



Collections from the upper Maryland and D(>lawar(> districts are 

 extremely meager, and it is impossible now to trace in detail the tran- 

 sitions that take place between the drainage of the Potomac and that 

 of the Susquehanna and 1)etween the latter stream and the Delaware. 



TOBAC'CO PlPE.S 



Although it was Virginia, possibly, that gave to England the form 

 of tobacco pipe largely adopted there and most used by the whites gen- 

 erally throughout the three centuries that have elapsed since the found- 

 ing of Raleigli's colonies, the clay pipes of the Virginia province are 

 of the simplest possible type. They are slightly bent tubes from 4 to 

 6 inches in length, having gently expanding bowls less than '2 inches 

 long, and stems that taper slightly to a neat mouthpiece. They are 

 not unlike some forms of cigarette or cigar holders of the present 

 period. The stem, in cases, is flattened so as to be held easily between 

 the teeth or lips, as is indicated in the sections in plate cxlii*^^ and 

 c. The finish is of all grades between rude smoothing with the lingers 

 and an excellent polish. The paste is usually very fine grained, the 

 ))aking is often excellent, and the colors aiv the ordinary warm grays 

 of the baked clay. 



Ornament is seen only in rare cases; some .specimens have a slightly 

 relieved band about the bowl, and in a ^'ery few instances indented 

 designs aiv observed. The bowl of the .specimen .shown in d has been 

 decorated with an extremely neat design of the usual style of the 

 region, applied apparently with a delicately notched roulette. The 

 inside of the ])owl and stem is usually blackened by use. It is a fact 

 worthy of note that manj- of the sites yield fragments of pipes of 

 much the same size and general style, which are made of pure white 

 clay and bear indications of having been pre.ssed in molds after the 

 fashion of our ordinary clay pipes. This would seem to indicate that 

 the whites took to making pipes for trade while yet the shores of the 

 Potomac and Chesapeake were occupied l)y the native villagers. I will 

 not enlarge on this subject here further than to present an illustra- 

 tion of a pipe and tobacco pouch, y. coi^ied from a plate in Hariot's 

 Virginia. The pipe is identical in shape with the clay pipes of the 

 region as here illustrated, and we have the good fortune thus to be 

 able to connect the historic tribes of the Roanoke province witii the 

 sites su2)plying nearly all of our archeologie material. 



Pipes of this class are confined pretty closely within the South 

 Algonrjuian province. The change from the wide rimmed, sharply 

 bent clay pipe of the South Appalachian province is quite abrupt; but 

 on the north the change is somewhat gradual into tlic more eltiborate 

 and elegant pipes of the Iroquois. 



