172 ABORIGINAL POTTERY OF EASTERN UNITED STATES [eth.ann.20 



latter plate is from the Vermont vase shown in ligure 64. The curved 

 lines seen in these figures are not so by design of the decorator, but 

 merely take the cur\'cs of the vessel margins with which they were 

 associated. 



The manner of introducing life forms is also clearly shown in four 



instances. The entire human 

 figure, modeled in rather bold 

 relief, is seen in plate Chue. 

 The face, with horizontal mark- 

 ings indicating the place of the 

 bod}', appears in I, and a highly 

 conventionalized treatment of the 

 face is given in a. These con- 

 ventionalized forms are pi'esent 

 in great \ariety. One of the most 

 r(>alistic examples of figure pre- 

 sentation is shown in figure Po. 

 Other figures and a numljei' of 

 rudely modeled faces are brought 

 together in plate CLiii. These 

 ornaments are in all cases at- 

 tached to the angles of the frieze 

 of scpiare-rimmed vessels, or are 

 placed beneath the elevated points 

 of the round, scallop- rinmied 

 variety. It is probable that these features are recent additions to the 

 decoration, which consisted, originally, of archaic arrangements of 

 lines and dots. 



Tobacco Pipes 

 the pipe a native product 



Fig. 66 — Fragment of vase-rim with rudely modeled 

 Iniman figure, New York. 



The American natives were a I'ace of smokers, and the use of tobacco 

 in political and religious ceremonials elevated the pipe to a place of 

 unusual importance among the various products of the shaping arts. 

 Much time, labor, and ingenuity were expended on the manufacture 

 of pipes of stone, and nearly every section of North America has fur- 

 nished to collectors excellent examples of this class of work. 



Pipes were also made of wood, bone, horn, and other substances. It 

 is highly probable that the antitj'pe of the pipe was a vegetal form, 

 such as a section of cane or other hollow stem, but, since smoking was 

 practiced in widely separated localities, the earlier forms must have 

 been divers. Clay was very generally employed in this art, and in 

 some sections was in great favor. It is a notable circumstance that 

 the Irocjuois took a high rank as pipe makers, excelling all other 

 peoples in the number and ciuality of these productions. With this 



