242 A. T. SCH0I''IKI,I7, KSQ.j M.l>., KTC, ON 



effects.'' "Wo Iimvc every reason to believe." says Professor 

 Bain. " that with all our mental processes there is an nnljroki'U 

 natural (physical) succession." Herbert Spencer says, " No 

 tlioug-ht, no feeling-, is ever manifested save as the result of a 

 physical force. This principle will before long- be a scientitie 

 commonplace."* 



Having thus marked the intimate connection and inter- 

 dependence of mind and brain we must, to keep the balance 

 of truth, equally insist on the radical distinction between 

 the two. •' The intelligence of man," says Calderwood, '' as 

 known in personal consciousness, is of a nature entirely 

 distinct from any sensory apparatus. Mind is not a proiUicrt 

 «jf cerebral evolution. "f Again Herbert Spencer sounds a 

 timely note of Avarning, '* Here indeed we arrive at the 

 barrier which needs to be perpetually pointed out alike to 

 those who seek materialistic explanations of mental pheno- 

 mena, and to those who are alarmed lest such explanations 

 may be found. The last class prove by their fears almost 

 as much as the first prove by their hopes, tiiat they believe 

 that mind may possibly be interpreted in terms of matter 

 whereas . . . there is not the remotest possibility of so 

 interpreting it. For the concept Ave form of matter is l>ut 

 th(! symbol of some form of power al)S()lutely and for ever 

 unknown to us. 



"Mind is also imknowable, and the simplest form undc.-r 

 Avhich Ave can think of its substance is but a symbol of some- 

 thing that can never be rendered into thought. NeA^'rthe- 

 less Avere Ave compelled to choose between translating 

 mental phenomena into physical phenomena, or of trans- 

 lating ])hysical phenomena into mental phenomena, the 

 latter alternative Avcndd seem the more acceptable.""! 



It may not be out of place here, luiA'ing touched upon 

 the cojinection of mind and brain, to give a brief descrip- 

 tion of the latter as far as it throws light on mental 

 actiA'ities. 



For this })iirpos(; then besides the obvious di\ isioiis of the 

 brain into greater and lesser (or cerebrum and cerebellum) and 

 into two halves right and left, avc may divide the cerebrum 

 into three regions, consisting from above downwards of 

 •'cortex" or surface brain, ''basal ganglia'" or mid-brain, and 



* First Principles of Ps>/r]iiil<)(jif, Herbert Sj)eiicer. 



t Relations of Mind avd Bod]/, Professor C'aldorvooil, p. ;?07. 



X Principles of Ps_)/cli()lori If ^ Herbert .Spencer, 'ImX edit., p. G:?. 



