THE SCOPE OP MIND. 257 



but as tones and colours of exquisite beanty ; this is not by a 

 mental act, but rather by an instinctive and receptive character of 

 its own, which seems to differentiate it from all merely mental, as 

 well as from all physical, phenomena. The self also, undoubtedly, 

 rules all the involuntary physical functions of the body, not 

 mentally, but by some innate power too deep, perhaps, for us at 

 present to fathom ; although even these are influenced evidently 

 to some extent, perhaps to a greater extent than we have often 

 thought, by the mental action of the self on the body — as, for 

 instance, in the physical results of fear, anxiety, gi'ief, hope, anger, 

 moroseness, joy, etc. Our self, or spirit, therefore, must be some 

 tJiing apart from our bodily frame: and it acts in other directions 

 than, strictly speaking, the mental. Now what the self is may be 

 as diflBcult of apprehension as what an " unconscious mind " is ; 

 but we all hold, no doubt, that it is not, as philosophical sceptics 

 like Straus and others have put it, the material body, but some 

 other objective existence, which has built about itself by its own 

 unconscious force the material body, as its fit and necessary 

 instrument for dealing with its environments. The " unconscious 

 mind," then, of this paper appears to me to be really the self ; and 

 all I contend for is that the " mind " ought not to be used as 

 synonymous with the " self," or " soul," or " spirit," or by what- 

 ever other term we choose to represent that which is the real 

 objective seat of life and thought. What is regarded in this paper 

 as an enlargement of the scope of mind seems rather to be a 

 deeper insight into the psychic, or what I should prefer to call the 

 spiritual, nature of man, his spiritual powers embracing not 

 merely what is, properly speaking, mental, but also all those 

 energies which are needed for the life, action, and welfare of the 

 body. That thought, or the mental functions of the self, may 

 have an immense power over the welfare of the body through the 

 spirit, whose power of thought is one side, though only one side, 

 of its functions, is probably a matter of stiidy of the utmost 

 importance, as Dr. Schofi.eld clearly shows, and such studies may 

 be calculated to open up wide vistas of fresh thought on the 

 subject of the powers of spirit over matter; but I do not see that 

 this forces us to give the whole of the life-functions of the self a 

 mental complexion. 



Professor Lionel S. Bbale, F.R.S., writes : — 



Although unable to offer an opinion upon many of the important 



