2C4 A. T. SCHOFIELD, ESQ., M.I)., RTC, OX 



I will now ask him to reply to tlie criticisms on his paper. 



Dr. ScHOFiELD. — It has been my unfortunate lot hitherto, Mr. 

 Chairman, ladies and gentlemen, to read papers that have been so 

 generally agreed with, being on somewhat stereotyped lines, that 

 there has been no active discussion or opposition. I am extremely 

 fortunate, at last, to have thrown down a bone of contention, to 

 some extent, and to hear views diverse from one's own, which is 

 always encouraging. I would ask you to distinguish between the 

 man}^ impei'fections of the paper and the extreme theses that I 

 am trying to pi'ove, and not let the one suffer for the other. 



The second writer's remarks on my paper simply beg the whole 

 question, and he limits mind to pure consciousness. I have been 

 asked, for a definition of mind. I consider it is the sum of 

 psychic action on us. Unconscious mind, he says, is ourself, or 

 ego. There is no such assertion in my paper. I say it is an 

 important part of it. He absolutely speaks of spiritual powers that 

 are not mental. A man who can distinguish and talk of spiritual 

 powers that are not mental, I cannot follow. I consider that which 

 is mental to be that which is not material ; but certainly that which 

 is spiritual is of the nature of mind. 1 am not here to distinguish 

 between mind and soul, and so on, but I am taking mind as con- 

 trasted with matter. 



Now, with regard to Mr. Jones, Avho, I regret to see, has departed, 

 he complained that the paper was very limited. Nothing has tried 

 me more, in writing this paper, than having to so exceedingly 

 limit the scope of it, because one could have given such a much 

 more interesting paper (and, perhaps, I may have the opportunity 

 on a future occasion) to this audience ; but I felt I must lay the 

 foundation stone first. The misuse of words misleads science. 

 If we talk of mind, which is conscious, where is mind when you 

 are under the influence of chloroform, unless you admit un- 

 conscious mind ? That is artificially unconscious ; but I am 

 speaking of a constant unconsciousness which is going on in all 

 of us at this moment. Mr. Jones also made the extraordinary 

 statement that mind here includes unconscious actions. Now I 

 have shown, over and over again, that all unconsciousness is 

 expressly excluded. He says that he does not understand 

 children being taught unconsciously. Let nic say the sooner it is 

 understood the better. As a matter of fact, we do train children 

 very largely, without knowing it, through their unconscious minds. 



