THE SCOPE OP MIND. 265 



The unconscious mind can be trained and educated, as the con- 

 scious mind, by the force of environment unconsciously acting on 

 the vital powers, and may so imbibe principles -without knovping 

 it. Take the instance of making a child clean. You surround it 

 with materials of cleanliness and you will impart to its unconscious 

 faculties cleanliness, and make it cleanly. You do not excite 

 opposition, and it is educated without opposition, and this can be 

 arranged definitely so as to educate it in definite directions ; but 

 that is a large matter that I need not enter upon. 



My great and esteemed friend, who spoke in such flattering terms 

 of my paper, Professor Orchard, does not seem to like the term 

 " unconscious mind " as applied to " purposive." When bees 

 form the hexagonal cells of the honeycomb they act unconsciously, 

 and yet purposively, in a most astonishing manner. Surely instinct 

 is purposive. I do not know that the point is open to much 

 dispute. As to children being moulded unconsciously, perhaps 

 Professor Orchard Avill take these remarks as applying to that 

 subject also. Occupied, as I am, in the Educational Union, one finds 

 the enormous use of educating children, through their unconscious 

 mind — the great point being that there is no opposition excited. 



jSTow, as to sub-consciousness and unconsciousness. When I read 

 a similar paper here, some time ago. Professor Orchard suggested 

 that the term might be limited to sub-consciousness. There are 

 many important psychic actions on which our conduct is based 

 and which influence it, and which are connected with it in every 

 way through life, that you may call sub-conscious ; but sub- 

 conscious really means, if you come to look at the word, iinconscious. 

 It is not that it has been conscious and become latent but it is 

 that it is latent now and may never become conscious. If it is 

 not conscious it is unconscious. I object to sub-conscious as being 

 rather confusing. Partly conscious, perhaps, would be better than 

 sub-conscious. At any rate, I must fight for the whole thing as 

 the unconscious psychic faculties in man. 



I agree with Professor Orchard, most fully, in repudiating the 

 material basis as mind, and whatever quotations I made that 

 might give such an impression I ^m not responsible for. 



The valuable illustration given by Mr. Anderson I am thankful 

 for. 



With regard to the evidence of mind amongst the lower animals, 

 I think I am not likely definitely to answer Professor Hull's 



