" NATIONALITY." 273 



The Florentines and Romans, without any reference to 

 the chequered history of Naples, would be loth to ackuoAv- 

 ledge the Lazzaroni as their Idnsfolk. If there were for any 

 reason a considerable migration from the Mediterranean 

 basin and a settlement on some foreign shore, the colony 

 would consist of this seafaring population who have all the 

 ships and all the knowledge of how and where to guide 

 them. They would not show such a variety of type as to 

 suggest that they were drawn originally from every race of 

 Southern Europe and Northern Africa. One thing would be 

 quite clear Avith regard to them, and that is that they had 

 not come from Northern Europe. 



Volga. 



If now we cross to the Volga and travel northwards we 

 cut across one great line of migration from Asia into Europe, 

 and about Tsaritsyn we still see the Tartar element pressing 

 on from the East. They bring with them camels and an 

 entirely different breed of cattle from that seen either in 

 Northern or Southern Europe, although a few seem to have 

 found their way into the Mediterranean area from very early 

 times. 



Cattle. 



It is very interesting to notice the breeds of cattle that 

 accompany the different races of men. Along the Mediter- 

 ranean and in Southern Europe generally you find two 

 conspicuous types : the cattle with the lyre-shaped horns, 

 such as you see commonly about Rome, and those with the 

 spiral horns projecting almost horizontally from the side of 

 the head, such as are common in Umbria and Emiha. Botli 

 are ancient breeds pictured on the monuments of Egypt. 

 There are modifications of the cattle with the lyre-shaped 

 horns seen in the enormous oxen of Hungary. 



There is a breed found in Sicily, and also represented on 

 the monuments of Egypt, with much straighter, upturned 

 lyre-shaped horns. This seems to be due to a cross with the 

 breed that is seen in a purer form with the camels and the 

 Asiatic people whom we find at Tsaritsyn on the Volga. 

 There the cattle are all Avhole-coloured red like our Devon 

 breed, and have what we may call the antelope type of horn ; 

 that is, straight or somewhat spiral upturned horns starting 

 very close together from the top of the skull. 



T 



