"nationality." 275 



often to face alone, and this bred a stern resulution and a 

 calm resignation to the inevitable. In the face of such 

 dangers mutual aid was freely given, and the value of being 

 able to rely on one another developed a more kindly fellow- 

 ship. These folk are honest, manly, and soberly self-reliant. 



If sometimes they laid themselves open to the charge of 

 being severe and coarse, they had the more noble qualities 

 of courage, trustworthiness, and the spirit of comradeship. 

 We can follow them further than Ave could the Mediterranean 

 race ; for they have been pushing their way along the shore 

 to more genial climes, and we can trace their descendants 

 even to our own country, upon whose shores small bodies 

 have been landing and settling from time immemorial. 

 There was no tremendous incursion by a whole nation : 

 for the sea, which facilitated the circulation and mixture of 

 races round the coast, imposed limits to wholesale migration. 

 Only the people of the seaboard had any ships, and only a 

 small body of men could be conveyed across at any one time. 

 The invasions must have been going on so long that the 

 first comers had settled down comfortably and been anything 

 but glad to see the arrival of an(jther body of needy and 

 perhaps unfriendly visitors from their old home. We are 

 apt to think of these invasions as belonging only to the time 

 of disorganisation and discord which followed the Avithdrawal 

 of the Roman legionaries from Britain ; but the number of 

 distinct tribes Avhich Cf^esar found here, and the early descrip- 

 tions, show pretty clearly that there had been settlements of 

 this Baltic race upon our coasts long before the Romans came. 



The proportion of the various elements is not everywhere 

 the same. The grey Scandinavian, the florid German, the 

 yellow Finlander, and the red Votiak have contributed their 

 quota, and the descendants of this mixed race revert — some to 

 one, some to the other, type. Where geographical conditions 

 have facilitated the immigration of any one type Ave see it 

 conspicuously predominant : as in the case of the Norwegian 

 along the north and east of Britain, of the Finnish on the 

 Eastern Baltic, of the German along the Southern Baltic and 

 the South of England. AYe see the NorAvegian on the coast 

 of Moray, notably at Burghead ; Ave see the German in. the 

 loAvlands of Scotland and in Yorkshire ; Ave see other Sccindi- 

 navians in the Lake District. The Finn is less marked noAv, 

 but there is a suggestion of his occurrence in East Anglia, 

 and some recognise the name in the Fin or Feon of Gaelic 

 song. 



T 2 



