" NATIONALITY." 281 



wc must go back a very long way before we can entertain 

 the supposition of there having been any one race occupying 

 Britain. Certainly when the Romans conquered the natives 

 they were made up of many tribes differing from one another 

 in all the characteristics that indicate community of origin. 

 Moreover, the Eomans were not in the habit of exterminating 

 the native populations of the countries conquered by them. 

 The native tribes were far more likely to have driven out 

 their neighbours when themselves pressed by new arrivals 

 on the coast. 



The Saxons, Danes, Jutes, Angles, and Franks came in 

 small parties, and formed a still more and more mixed popu- 

 lation as time went on. In their case there was much 

 oftener extermination, sometimes even extirpation. Differ- 

 ences of language, religion, and laws increased the difficul- 

 ties in the way of amalgamation, and accentuated the results 

 of the isolation of small groups of people, each, it may be, 

 very mixed in its origin, but representing a somewhat 

 different mixture from that prevailing in an adjoining- 

 district. 



I do not propose now to offer any general description of 

 the population of England, or to criticise the many attempts 

 ^vhich have been made to locate the various groups of im- 

 migrants or to recognise traces of them in the existing popu- 

 Iati(ni. There are, however, a few examples which have been 

 more particularly forced upon my notice to which I will refer. 



East Anglia. 



In the Fenland there are two distinct types of people 

 among the rural inhabitants : One, a dark man who would 

 not be looked upon as a stranger if he Avere to turn up on 

 market-day in any inland town in Carmarthenshire. He 

 may be one of the original pre-Roman Britons derived from 

 the Mediterranean mixture, or a Breton Avho came in with 

 the Normans, but he is not one of the Baltic race. 



Another Fenland type is a sandy red man whose double 

 might be found in any seaport in Wales and more or less 

 commonly all round the coast of England, Scotland, or 

 Ireland. He cannot however, be for a moment mistaken for 

 a ]\Ian of Snowdon or a Cardy or a Silurian, nor for a Cumber- 

 land man, and he is not quite like either a Lowland Scotch- 

 man, or a Yorkshireman. He belongs to the Baltic type, and 

 his ancestors may have come over with any of the earlier in- 

 vasions of even pre-Roman times, or they may have followed 



