282 PKOF. T. MCKENNY HUGHES, F.IJ.S., ON 



the Norman conqueror. For we. must remember that the 

 followers of William were not likely to have been all dark, 

 although on the Bayeux tapestry the English are coloured 

 red and the Normans black for distinction. William himself 

 is represented in the picture in St. Etienne in Caen as a red 

 man, and his son received the descriptive title Rufus. 



As a single example of reversion to an East Baltic 

 type 1 may refer to a labourer in Cambridge who tends 

 the lawn in front of the University Library. He assures 

 me that he and his people are natives of Cambridge. I 

 pointed him out to my friend Col. Alfthan, chief of the staff" 

 of the Finnish Army, a man before whose eye tens of 

 thousands of mixed Scandinavians and Finns are continually 

 passing, and asked of what nationality he would take him 

 to be. Without hesitation he replied, " If it were not for 

 his clothes I should take him to be a North Russian." 



In the villages round Cambridge there is a great mixture, 

 but bright, fair complexion, blue eyes, and flaxen hair is 

 often predominant, this last character being more conspicuous 

 in children ; so that we do not carry away the same im- 

 pression from a visit to the village school as Ave do from a 

 gathering of adults. 



In the north of England we see a marked difference 

 between the florid sandy-red Yorkshiremen and the tall grey 

 Cumbrians, among whom we may here and there find traces 

 of the Strathclyde Welsh. 



Wales. 



I will now turn to Wales, and follow up the same line of 

 enquiry with reference to the various people to be found 

 there.* I will examine them in greater detail ; first, because 

 I am more familiar with them than any others, and secondly, 

 because I think I can thus oft'er you more that is new to you. 



l,an^uafje. 

 The language spoken by a people is no trustworthy indi- 

 cation of their racial affinitits, as we may see in our own 

 country without referring to the innumerable examples to be 

 observed throughout Eurt)pe. ]Most of the people onee spoke 

 Celtic in Cornwall, Ireland, and Scotland where their de- 

 scendants now speak English ; and, although Welsh, the 

 strongest and most beautiful of our Celtic languages, not- 



* St-e y Geninen. Cyf. xi, Rliif 4, tnd. 231. Hydref 1893. 



