''nationality." 289 



and Scotland there appear here and there sporadically, or 

 endemically as we may say in individuals or families or 

 hamlets, people with bright red hair, blue-grey eyes, a fair 

 easily -freckled complexion, and generally a tendency to 

 stoutness. Theirs is not the sandy red, brown, and yellow 

 hair of the Baltic race which I have already described as 

 occupying nearly all the coast of the British Isles, but bright 

 unshaded red. This bright red hair is sometimes seen among 

 the sandy red people of the Baltic race also, but it is more 

 (conspicuous by the contrast when it occurs among the dark 

 races. So common was this type in one village in Carmarthen- 

 shire that the people were spoken of as Cochion Caio (the red 

 folk of Caio), from the name of the village. This seems to be a 

 reversion to a very ancient ancestral form. It is seen also 

 among the people of Central Wales south of Snowdonia, 



If we try to trace these red folk along the Baltic we find 

 beyond its eastern end the Votiaks, a race perhaps from 

 northern Asia, who are said to be the most red-headed 

 people in the world.* These may account for the reddest 

 red strain among the people whom we refer to the mixed 

 Baltic or fair race. 



But the red race appears also sporadically among the 

 dark people of AV ales. Now, there is nothing in the climate 

 of Wales to turn fair people into dark ; that must have been 

 done in some southern clime. We must therefore bring the 

 dark races along the southern route from southern or 

 Mediterranean regions. If, then, we find this reversion to an 

 ancient red race occurring sporadically among them, shall 

 we infer that the red folk were here first and were absorbed 

 by the dark races, or that the red folk came after the dark 

 and were merged in the numerically, or otherwise stronger, 

 dark people, or that the dark people arrived with this red 

 strain in their blood, which by reversion still appears in their 

 offspring? Without going far into the question I favour this 

 last view, but it involves an enquiry into the probability of 

 finding any red race in the southern or Mediterranean area: 

 perhaps along the line of migration of the builders of 

 megalithic monuments we may expect to find traces of them. 



In North Africa, among the Libyans, there are such red 

 people ; among the Arabs east of the Red Sea there is 

 a tribe of them ; following the evidence back into far 



* Latham, E. G. The Native Races of the Russian Empire. Lond. 

 Bailliere, 1854, p. 53. 







