300 TKOF. T. MCKENNY HUGHES, P.K.S., ON 



were red-haired. There has been some eonfusion as to tlie moini- 

 mciital evidence in this case, but it is well known that they spoke 

 a Semitic language, and they are represented as very like the 

 Assyrians, in both type and complexion, on some bas-reliefs. 



The ordinary Semitic type is dark-haired, dark-eyed, and olive- 

 skinned ; but it is not uncommon among the Semitic peasantry of 

 Palestine to find auburn hair with brown eyes, as among the 

 Samaritans also, and the Spanish Jews. Blue eyes are very 

 rai'e, and regarded as unlucky. They may, I believe, generally be 

 traced to intermarriage with Europeans in Syria. There is no 

 sound reason for supposing that the ancient inhabitants were 

 blue-eyed. The Metawileh and Druzes have often blue eyes, but 

 the}' are of Persian origin, and this peculiarity may be traced to 

 the Eastern Aryans, as also among the Kurds. 



Generally speaking, it appears to me that the division of races 

 by language is the safest that can be adopted, under the complicated 

 conditions due to early and frequent intermarriage of the various 

 stocks. In this sense the Europeans (Scandinavian, Celtic, Teu- 

 tonic, Latin, and Slav) are properly called Aryans, while the 

 existence of an earlier Finnic population is indicated, not only 

 by the prehistoric remains, but by the existence of the Basque 

 and Etruscan languages. In Russia, however, the Ugric, Finnic, 

 and Tartar tribes retain their Mongol dialects — though exten- 

 sively Aryauised, while the Huns and Magyars in Hungary 

 survive from the great inroads under Attila, and by the later 

 Turks and Monerols. 



THE AUTHOR'S FINAL REPLY. 



Canon Isaac Taylor is of opinion that language and colour are 

 less persistent racial characters than the form of the bones or of 

 the hail*, but I am sure that he fully recognises the value of the 

 indications derived from the colour of the haii" and skin, and of 

 what I lay great stress upon in this paper, the form of the softer 

 parts such as the lips, nose, and flesh generally. 



Colonel Conder has very clearly stated my contention that it is 

 impossible to find a pure race or a pure language. I was referring 

 chiefly to the inhabitants of the British Isles. He carries l)ack the 

 enquiry and ai-rives at the same conclusion in regard to all the 

 historic races of antiquity. 



