334 CAV. W. r. JERVIP, r.O.S., on THALASSOGKArniCAL AND 



geological history referred to in my paper belong to the former, and 

 those dealt with by the Cavaliere Jervis, I believe, to the latter 

 epoch. The so-called forest-bed of Cromer, and the Chillesford 

 Clay, can, therefore, have no connection with the elevation of the 

 Koith Sea basin, which occurred in glacial and post-glacial times, 

 ■when England was joined to the Continent, and the sea retreated 

 sufficiently far to the north for the " Silver Pits " depression to 

 form part of the Rhine valley. 



The Chillesford beds, with their marine shells, and the mamma- 

 liferous deposits of the Cromer coast, do not represent, in my 

 opinion, any former existence of the Rhine itself in East Anglia, 

 so much as some of the estuarine channels by which, during the 

 Pliocene epoch, it found its way to the sea; the latter then 

 reaching, probably, as far south as the north coast of N'orfolk. 



I agree with the author that the mica, the presence of which is 

 so constant a feature of the Chillesford Clay, may possibly have 

 been derived from the Alps, as Avell as from the highly micaceous 

 Devonian schists of the Ardennes. Of course it is always 

 exceedingly unsatisfactory to criticise an author's paper in his 

 absence, and I am very sorry that he is not present. It is possible 

 that I may have misunderstood him to some extent, and I should 

 have been too glad that he should have had an opportunity of 

 replying to my remarks. 



[A long discussion here took place, in which the Rev. Dr. 

 WALKKr;, Mr. Maktin Rouse, 'Mr. Harmkk, and Professor Hull 

 took part. Dr. Walkki; pointed out some analogies between the 

 features of the coast of Norway and those of Iceland.] 



Rev. G. F. WuiDBORNK, F.G.S. — I have kept very carefully away 

 from such slippery things as glaciers, and therefore 1 will only 

 just ask a question. 



It seems to me, if I understand rightly, that what this paper 

 points to is the time of the elevation of the whole west coast of 

 Norway, England, and France, and, apparently, the point of 

 disagreement between the author and Professor Hull is that the 

 authoi" thinks these fjords were filled np Avith detritus washed 

 down by the Rhine, and Professor Hull says, " No — the reason of 

 the central depression is a scooping out by ice action." 



Then Mr. Harmer says this elevation could not have been 

 at the time of the Cromer beds because they point to a time 

 of depression and not of elevation. T really wanted to ask 



