THALASSOLOGICAL NOTES ON THE NOETH SEA. 335 



wlietlier I am right in what I have gathered from the paper 

 because I thought it might clear one's mind. May the whole 

 question o£ the great elevation that has gone on in the Rhine's 

 action have something to do with the great elevation that must 

 have occurred in the raising of the Alps, or any subsidiary 

 elevation connected with it ?* 



Professor Logax Loblet. — I would say a word in reply to the 

 point as to some of the fjords being deeper at the sea end and 

 others not. It does not at all follow, because some of the fjords 

 are deeper at the sea end, that Professor Hull's explanation of the 

 other fjords that are deeper in the interior is at fault. We have 

 river valleys deepening out towards the sea now, and other river 

 valleys that do not. So there may be one explanation that will 

 afford grounds for one class of river valley, and another that will 

 suit the other class. Therefore the one does not contradict tlie 

 other at all. 



The rocks that have been spoken of are clearly not moraines, but 

 much older. If they were of moraine matter they would have 

 been swept away long since by the great storms and currents of 

 the coast. 



As to the age of elevation, we are dealing with a period of 

 enormous duration, and it would be a period when the levels 

 would be similar to what they are now, and other stages when 

 the levels were quite different. The period of elevation, I take it, 

 was subsequent to the Pliocene period, when the deposits on the 

 east coast of England were laid down. 



I think this paper is very interesting, and very noteworthy as 

 following in Professor Hull's steps, and is one of great importance, 

 not only to geographical and thalassographical studies, to use the 

 new word, but also to geological studies ; for it gives us fresh 

 grounds for coming to a conclusion with respect to phenomena 

 which have undoubtedly existed on this earth and which have 

 been a great puzzle to many deep thinkers. 



Mr. M. L. Rouse. — I thought the contention of Professor Hull 

 was that all these valleys were formed by glacial action. That is 



* The answer to Mr. Whidborne's question seems to be : 1st, that the 

 period of the great elevation and of glacial erosion was subsequent to 

 that of the Cromer beds, and 2nd, that the valley of the Palseorhine 

 pai'ticii^ated in the general upheaval of the whole region. — Ed. 



