BDLL. 30] 



NACOGDOCHE 



they called Pilar de Bucareli. Early in 

 1779 they migrated, without authority, to 

 the site of the Nacogdoches mission. The 

 modern city of Nacogdoches dates from 

 this time. 



The Nacogdoche were nominally within 

 the Spanish jurisdiction, but the French 

 early gained their affection througli the 

 unlicensed trade which they conducted 

 with the Indians. The French supplied 

 guns, ammunition, knives, cloth, vermil- 

 ion, and knickknacks, in return for horses, 

 skins, bear's fat in great quantities, 

 corn, beans, and Apache captives. This 

 trade, jiarticularly that in firearms, was 

 opposed by the Spanish ofticials, and as 

 a result there were frequent disputes 

 on the frontier, the Indians sometimes 

 taking one side and Sometimes the other. 

 In 1733, for example, two Nacogdoche 

 chiefs reported at Adaes that the French 

 had offered them a large reward if they 

 would destroy the Spanish presidio of 

 Adaes (Expediente sobre la Campana, 

 etc., 1739, Archivo General, Provincias 

 Internas, xxxii, MS.). The charge was 

 denied, of course, by the French. Again, 

 in August, 1750, it was said that the Na- 

 cogdoche chief, Chacaiauchia, or San- 

 chez, instigated as he claimed by San Denis 

 of Natchitoches, went to the Nacogdoches 

 mission, threatened the life of the mis- 

 sionary, Father Calahorra y Sanz, and 

 ordered him to depart with all the Span- 

 iards (Testimonio de Autos de Pesquiza 

 sobre Comercio Ylicito, 1751, Bexar Ar- 

 chives, Adaes, 1739-55, MS.). On the 

 other hand, when in 1752 a gathering of 

 tribes was held at the Nadote village to 

 discuss a plan for attacking all the Span- 

 ish establishments, the Nacogdoche chief, 

 apparently Chacaiauchia, and San Denis 

 both appear in the light of defenders of 

 the Spaniards (Testimony of Calahorra y 

 Sanz in De Soto Bermudez, Report of In- 

 vestigation, Archivo General, Hist., 299, 

 MS.). Chacaiauchia, or Sanchez, seems 

 to have retained the chieftaincy a long 

 time, for in 1768 Soli's tells of being vis- 

 ited at the mission by Chief Sanchez, a 

 man of large following (Diario in Mem. 

 de Nueva Espaiia, xxvii, 282, MS.). 



Some data as to the numerical strength 

 of the tribe are extant. In 1721, when 

 Aguayo refounded the mission, he pro- 

 vided clothing for " the chief and all the 

 rest, ' ' a total of 390 ( Peila, Diario, in Mem. 

 de Nueva Espafia, xxvii, 44, MS. ). This 

 may have included some Nacao, and, on 

 the other hand, it may not have included 

 all of the Nacogdoche tribe. It was re- 

 ported that in 1733 the two Nacogdoche 

 chiefs mentioned above went to Adaes 

 with 60 warriors (Expediente sobre la 

 Campaiia, 1739, op. cit. ). It is not known 

 whether the warriors were all Nacogdoche 

 or not, but that is the implication. In 



1752 De Soto Bermudez inspected the 

 Nacogdoche pueblo and reported that it 

 consisted of 1 1 " rancherias grandes, ' ' con- 

 taining 52 warriors, besides many youths 

 nearly able to bear arms (Rep. of Inves- 

 tigation, 1752, Archivo General, Hist., 

 299). Croix's list of 1778 does not in- 

 clude the Nacogdoche, unless they are his 

 Nacogdochitos, a group of 30 families liv- 

 ing on the Attoyac ( Relaciun Particular, 

 Archivo General, Prov. Intern., 182). 

 According to a census of 1790, on the au- 

 thority of Gatschet, the Nacogdoche were 

 reduced to 34 men, 31 women, 27 1)oys, 

 and 23 girls. Davenport, in 1809, report- 

 ed the Nacogdochitos as comprising 50 

 men (Noticia, Archivo General, Prov. 

 Intern., 201, MS.). 



By 1752 the Nacogdoche pueblo had 

 been removed some 3 leagues northward 

 ( De Soto Bermudez, op. cit. ) . When this 

 transfer took place is not clear, but 

 Mezicres says that they deserted the mis- 

 sion at once (Carta, Aug. 23, 1779, in Mem. 

 de Nueva Espaiia, xxviii, 225, MS.). In 

 1771 Gov. Barrios reported them as still 

 near the Hainai (Informe, 2, MS.). It 

 seems probable that a considerable part 

 of the Nacogdoche tribe was absorbed in 

 the general population at Nacogdoches 

 after the settlement of the Spaniards in 

 1779, for census reports thereafter show a 

 largenumberof Indiansand mixed-bloods 

 at that place. After this time the rem- 

 nant of the tribe seems sometimes to ap- 

 pear as Nacogdochitos. Morfi, about 1781, 

 located this tribe on the Attoyac. In 

 1809 Davenport, writing from Nacog- 

 doches, did not name the Nacogdoches in 

 the list of surrounding tribes, but placed 

 the Nacogdochitos on the Angelina, 5 

 leagues n. of Nacogdoches (Noticia, Ar- 

 chivo General, Prov. Intern., 201, MS.). 

 A Spanish map made between 1795 and 

 1819 shows the "Nacodoches" above 

 where Davenport put the "Nocogdochi- 

 tos," i. e., on the e. side of the Angelina 

 about halfway between Nacogdoches and 

 Sabine r. (MS. Mapa Geografica de las 

 Provincias Septentrionales de esta Nueva 

 Espaiia ) . 



Ill habit, ceremony, and social organi- 

 zation the Nacogdoche resembled the 

 other tribes of the Hasinai confederacy. 



(h. e. b. ) 

 Nacado-cheets. — Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, I, 239, 

 1S51. Nachodoches.— French, Hist. Coll. La., in, 

 47,1851. Nacocodochy.— LaHarpe(17iri)in Mar.firry, 

 Dec, VI, 193, 18S6. Nacocqdosez.— Jallot (ni. 1720) 

 in Margry, ibid., 233. Nacodissy.— Joutel (1(')S7), 

 ibid., HI, 410, 1S78. Nacodocheets.— Latham in 

 Tran.s. Philol. Soc. Lond., 104, IS.'ie. Nacodoches. — 

 Rivera, Diario, leg. 2140, 2602, 173ti. Kacodo- 

 chitos.— Bui. Soc. Geogr. Mcx., fiOl, 18(19. Nacog- 

 doches.— Penicaut (1714) in French, Hist. Coll. 

 La., I, 121, 1S69. Nacogdochet.— Drake. Bk. Inds., 

 vi, 1848. Nadacogdoches. — Mezicres ( 1778) quoted 

 by Bancroft, No. Mex. States, i, 061, 1S86. Nag- 

 codoches. — Tex. StateArchives, 1793. Nagodoches. — 

 La Harpe (1718) in Margrv, Dee., Vl, 243, 1886. 

 Nagogdoches.-.-Sibley, Hist". Sketches, 67, 1806. 



