BI'LL. .SO J 



NAVAHU 



45 



of those who have been taught in training 

 schools liave learned dvilizetl trades and 

 civilized methods of cooking. 



Investigations conducted witliin the 

 last 25 yeiivti show that the Navaho, con- 

 trary to early published beliefs, are a 

 highly religious people having many well- 

 defineil divinities (nature gods, animal 

 gods, and local gods), a vast mythic and 

 'legendary lore, and thousands of signifi- 

 cant formulated songs and prayers which 

 must be learned and repeated in the most 

 exact manner. They also have hundreds 

 of musical compositions which experts 

 have succeeded in noting and have pro- 

 nounced siuiilar to our own music. The 

 so-called dances are ceremonies which last 

 for 9 nights and parts of 10 days, and the 

 medicine-men spend many years of study 

 in learning to conduct a single one i)rop- 

 erly. Oneimportantfeatureof these cere- 

 monies isthe jiictures painted in dry pow- 

 ders on the Hoor of the medicine lodge 

 (see Dnf-jHtiufiiif/). All this cultus is of 

 undoubted anti(inity. 



The most revered of their many deities 

 is a goddess named Estsanatlehi, or 

 'AVoman Who Changes', 'Woman 

 Who Rejuvenates Herself, because she 

 is said never to stay in one condition, but 

 to grow old and liecome young again at 

 will. She is probal)ly Mother Nature, an 

 apotheosis of the changing year. 



By treaty of Canyon deChelly, Ariz., 

 Sept. 9, 1849, the Navaho acknowledged 

 the sovereignty of the United States. By 

 treaty of Fort Sumner, N. INIex., June 1, 

 1868, a reservation was set apart for them 

 in Arizona and New Mexico, and they 

 ceded to the United States their claim to 

 other lands. Their reservation has been 

 modified by subsequent Executive orders. 



For the literature pertaining to this 

 tribe see Matthews, (1) Navaho Legends, 

 1897, and the bibliographv therein; (2) 

 Night Chant, 1902. " (w. m.) 



Apache Indians of Nabajii. — Zarate-Salraenin 

 {r((.l(il'9) trans, in Liiiiildf Sunshine, 183, Feb. 1900. 

 Apaches deNabajoa. — Turner in Fac. R.R. Hep., in, 

 pt. 8, S3, 1856 (so calleil by Spanish writer.s). Apa- 

 ches deNabaju, — Za rate-Sal men m (ivj.Ki'iO) (| noted 

 by Handelier in Areh. Inst. Papers, iv, 1294, 1892. 

 Apaches deNauajb, — Benaviiles, Memorial, iiG, lti30. 

 Apaches de navaio. — De lisle, map Am. Septent., 

 1700. Apaches de Navajo, — Linsehoteii, Deser. 

 l'Aineri(iue, map 1. 1638. Apaches de Navajox.— 

 Sanson, L'Amerique, map, 27, 16.i7. Apaches de 

 Navayo.— .leffervs, Am. Atlas, map r> (1763), 1776. 

 Apaches Nabajai.— Garees (1776), Diary, 369. 1900. 

 A'patchu. — Cushins-.inf n ('enemy' : Zuniiiame). 

 A'patsjoe, — ten Kate, Reizen in N. A., 291, 1885 (or 

 Pittsjoe; Ziini name). Bagowits,— ten Kate, Svn- 

 onymie, S, 1884 (Southern Ute name). Daca- 

 bimo.— Stephen in 8th Rep. B. A. E., 3.5, 1891 (Hopi 

 name). Davaxo.— Gaischet, MS., B. A. E., 1884 

 ( Kiowa Apaehe name). X^ine'. — Matthew.s, Nav- 

 aho Leg., 210, 1897 (own name, sig. 'people'). 

 Djene.— Hodge, field., notes, B. A. E., 1,895 

 (Laguna name). ^ I'hl-dene.— Ibid. (.liearilla 

 name). lyutagjen-ne. — Eseudero, Not. Estad. Clii- 

 huahua, 212, 1834 (own name). Messen-Apaches. — 

 ten Kate, Reizen in N. A., '241, 188.5 (=' Knife 

 Apaches', supposedly from Span, navaja. 

 'knife'). Moshome.— Bandelier, Delight Makers, 



17.'), 1890 (Keresan name). Nabaho,— Malle-Brun, 

 Geog., v, 3'26, 18-26. Nabahoes.— I'attie, Pers. 

 Narr., 98, 1833. Nabajo.— Alegre, Hist. Comp. 

 .(esus, I, 336, 1841. Nabajoa, — Humljoldt, Atlas 

 Nouv.-Espagne, earte 1, 1811. Nabajo Apaches. — 

 Davis, Span. Conq. N. Me.x., 3.58, 1869. Nabajoe. — 

 Barreiro, Ojeada sobre Nuevo-Mexico, ai>[>., 9, 

 1832. Nabbehoes. — Rrownell, Indian Races, 483, 

 18.54. Nabijos,— Amer. Pioneer,]!, 190, 1843. Na- 

 bojas.— Bent( ls46linH.R. Ex. Doc. 76, 30th Cong., 

 1st sess., 11, 184S. Nabojo.— Davis, Sjiaii. Conq. N. 

 Mex., 73, 1869. Nahjo.— Pike, Exped., 3d map, 

 1810. Namakaus. — Schernierhoru in Mass. Hist. 

 Soe. Coll., •2d s., It, '29, 1814. Nanaha.— Balbi, Atl. 

 Ethnog., 737, 1.S26. Nanahaws. — Pike, Exped., pt. 

 in, app.,9. 1810. Napao.— Garees (1776) , Diary, 3.51, 

 1900. Nauajb.— Benavides, Memorial, 57," 1630 

 (^^'sementeras grandes'). Nauajoa, — Aleedo, 

 Die. Geog., iii, '295, 178S. Navago.— Butler, Wild 

 North Land, 127, 1873. Navahoe,— MiiUhausen, 

 Pacific, II, 77, 1858. Navahoes.— Parker, ,Iour- 

 nal, 32, 1840, Navajai.— Garees (1775) quoted 

 by Orozco y Berra, Geog., 350, 1864. Nava- 

 jhoes. — Emory, Reeon., 27, 1848. Navajo.— Blaeu, 

 .\tlas, XII, 62, 1667. Navajoas.— Orozco y Berra, 

 Geog., 59, 1864. Navajoes. — Rivera, Diario, leg. 

 818, 1736. Navajoos. — Villa-Senor, Theatro Am., 

 pt. 2, 412, 1748. Navajoses, — Ruxton, Adventures, 

 193, 1848. Navaosos, — Latham, Nat. Hist. Man, 

 3.50, 1.S50. Navejb.— Conklin, Arizona, 211, 1878. 

 Navijoes. — Morgan in N. Am. Rev., .58, Jan. 1870. 

 Navijos. — Gallatin in Nouv. .Ann. Voy., 5th s., 

 xxvii, 310, 1851. Navoasos.— Bollaert" in Jour. 

 Ethnol. Soe. Loud., ll, 276, l.s.50. Nevajoes.— Mow- 

 ry in Jour. Am. Geog. Soe., i, 71, 1859. Nodehs.— 

 Deniker, Races of iMan, .525, 1900. Novajos.— 

 Gushing in The Millstone, IX, 94, June 1884. 

 Nwasabe. — ten Kate, Synonymic, 8, 1884(Tesuque 

 name). Oohp.— ten Kate, Reizen inN. A.. 160,1885 

 (Pima name). Oop. — Ibid. Pagowitch. — ten 

 Kate, Synonymic, 8, 1884 (Southern I'te name). 

 Pagowits. — Ibid. Pagu-uits.— Gatsehet, Yunia- 

 Spr., I, 371. 1883 (Ute name). Pa'-gu-wets.— 

 Powell, Rop. on Colo. River, '26, 1874 (='reed 

 knives': Ute name). Patsjoe.— ten Kate, Reizen 

 in N.^A., 291, 1885 (or A'patsjoe; Zuiii name). Ta- 

 cab-ci-nyu-muh. — Fewkes in Jour. Am. Folk-lore, 

 v, 33, 1892 (Hopi name). Ta'hli'mnin.— Hodge, 

 field notes, B. A. E., 1895 (Sandia name). Ta- 

 samewe.— ten Kate, Reizen in N. A., 259, 1885 

 (=r=' bastards': Hopi name). Ta-sha-va-ma. — 

 Biturke, Moquis of Ariz., 118, 1884 (Hopi name). 

 Te'liemnim.— Gatsehet, MS., B. A. E., 1884 (' with- 

 out pity': Isletaname). Ten-nai. — Eaton, Navajo 

 MS. vocab., B. A. E. (own name). Tenuai.— Eatim 

 in Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, iv, 218, 1854. Tenye.— 

 ten Kate, Svnonymie, 7, 1884 (Laguna name). 

 Wilde Coyotes.— ten Kate, Reizen in N. A., 282, 

 1,S85 (Zufii nickname translated). Yabipais Naba- 

 jay.— Garces( 1776), Diarv, 457, 1900. Yatilatlavi.— 

 Gatsehet, Yuma-Spr., I, 409, 1883 (Tonto name). 

 Yavipai-navajoi. — Orozco y Berra, Geog., .59, 1.S64. 

 Yavipais-Navajai. — Garcc's (1775-76) quoted by 

 Bandelier in Arch. Inst. Papers, in, 114, 1890. 

 Yoetaha.— ten Kate, Reizen in N. A., 197, 1885 

 (=' those who live on the border of the I'tes': 

 Apaehe name). Yu-i'-ta. — Henshaw, Ka'-itch 

 MS. vocab., B. A. E., 1883 (Panamint name). 

 Yutacjen-ne. — Orozco v Berra, Geog., 59, 1.S64. 

 Yutaha, -Gatsehet, Yuma-Spr., I, 370, 1883 (Apache 

 name). Yu-tah-kah.— Eaton, Navajo MS. vocab., 

 B. A. E. (Apache name). Yutajen-ne, — Orozco y 

 Berra, Geog., 41, 76, 1864. Yu-tarhar',— White, 

 Apache Names of Ind. Tribes, MS., B. A. E., 2, 

 [n. d.] (trans, 'far off': Apache name). Yutila 

 pa.— Gatsehet. Y'uma-Spr., in, 86, 1886 (Yavapai 

 name). Yutilatlawi.— Ibid., I, 370, 1883 (Tonto 

 name). 



Navahu {Na-ra-hu^, referring to ' large 

 area of cultivated lands ' ) . A former Tewa 

 pueblo .situated in the second valley s. of 

 the great pueblo and cliff village of Puye, 

 w. of Santa Clara pueblo, in the Pajarito 

 Park, N. Mex. The name refers to the 

 large areas of cultivated lands in the 

 vicinity, and by extension was applied to 



