Bl-LL. 30] 



NEAPOPP:— NECHE 



49 



chief until 1820. He is spoken of by Gov. 

 Duval, of Florida, as a man of uncom- 

 mon ability, a nuted orator, Avith great 

 influence among his people, and in 1824 

 as desirous of being on terms of amity 

 with the United States. Neaniathla was 

 one of the signers of the treaty of Camp 

 Moultrie, Sept. 18, 1823, by which about 

 6,000,000 acres of land were ceded to the 

 United States. This treaty, which was 

 repudiated by a large portion of the 

 tribe, led by Osceola, was the primary 

 cause of the war which shortly followed. 

 His settlement, known also as Ft Town 

 and Nehe ]\Iarthla's Town (Woodward, 

 Reminis., 153, 1859) was ' situated s. of 

 Flint r., Ga., and was destroyed in the 

 war of 1816-17. Because of his treat- 

 ment by the Florida authorities he re- 

 turned to the Creek Nation, where he 

 was well received, and became an influ- 

 ential member of the general council held 

 atTukabatchi. The name NeahEmarthla 

 is signed on l)ehalf of the Hitchiti towns 

 to the Creek treaty of Nov. 15, 1827. 

 See McKennev and Hall, Ind. Tribes, i, 

 77, 1858. 



Neapope. See Nahpope. 



'NehaunavLhaj (Nlhanabii, 'sleeping per- 

 son'). A mythic character whose home 

 is said to be on the floor of the sea; the 

 term is also applied to an under-water 

 bear. Hence the "Merman" gens of 

 the Chippewa (AVarren, Ojibways, 44, 

 1885.) (w. J.) 



Neblazhetama ( 'l)lue river village', from 

 )i(tb/e:an, the Kansa name for ]\Iississippi 

 r., and tanuutn, 'village'). An ancient 

 Kansa village on the w. bank of the Mis- 

 sissippi a few miles above the mouth of 

 Missouri r. in the present Missouri. The 

 territory was later occupied by the Sauk 

 and Foxes. 

 Ne-bla-zhe-ta'-ma. — Morgan in N.Am. Rev. ,45,1870. 



Nechacokee. A division of the Chi- 

 nookan family found in 1806 by Lewis 

 and Clark on the s. bank of Columbia r., a 

 few miles Vjelow Quicksand (Sandy) r., 

 Oreg. Their estimated number was 100. 

 Nechacohee. — Lewis and Clark Exped., ii, 217, 

 1814. Nechacoke.— Drake,Bk.Ind.s.,ix,1848. Ne- 

 chacokee. — Lewis and Clark, op. cit., ATJ.. Ne-cha- 

 co-lee.— Orig. .Jour. Lewis and Clark, iv, 236, 190."). 

 Nechecolee. — Lewis and Clark Exped., ii, 222, 

 1814. Neechaokee.— Ibid.. 4(i9. 



Nechanicok. A village of the Powhatan 

 confederacy in 1608, on thes. bank of the 

 Chickahominy in the lower part of Hen- 

 rico CO., Va. — Smith (1629), Va., i, map, 

 repr. 1819. 



Nechaui. One of the nine tribes men- 

 tioned by Francisco de Jesiis Maria as 

 constituting the Hasinai, or southern 

 Caddo confederacy. He described its 

 location as s. e. of tlie Nabedache tribe, 

 and half a league from the Nacono (Re- 

 lacion, 1691, MS.). In 1721 Pena, in his 

 diary, stated that the Indians of el Ma- 

 cono lived 5 leagues from the crossing of 



3456— Bull. 30, pt 2—07 4 



the Neches at the Neche village (Diario, 

 Mem. de Nueva Espafia, .x.xviii, 36, MS. ). 

 The Nechaui apparently are not men- 

 tioned thereafter; they were probably 

 absorbed by their neighbors, perhaps the 

 Nabedache. (h. e. b. ) 



Neche. A Hasinai tribe that, on the 

 coming of the Europeans in the latter 

 part of the 17th century, lived on Nechea 

 r. in E. Texas. Their main village was 

 a league or more e. of that stream, 

 nearly w. of the present city of Nacog- 

 doches and near the mounds s. w. of 

 Alto, Cherokee co. This village was 

 visited by La Salle's party, and it was i)ar- 

 ticularly to it and tlie Nabedache tribe 

 across the stream that Joutel (Margry, 

 Dec, III, 336 et seq., 1878) applied the 

 nameof "Cenis," his rendering of the In- 

 dian group name Hasinai. This Neche 

 tribe was closely allied by language and 

 culture with about a dozen southern Cad- 

 doan tribes, includingthe well-known Na- 

 bedache, Nacogdoche, Hainai, andNascni. 

 There are strong indications that these 

 southern tribes, under the headship of 

 the Hainai, formed a subconfederacy 

 fairly distinct from the northern group 

 of Caddoan tribes, which were under the 

 headship of the Kadohadacho. 



The enemies of the Neche were the 

 common enemies of this southern Cad- 

 doan group. In 1687 some members of 

 La Salle's party went with them in a suc- 

 cessful campaign against the "Canoha- 

 tinno." The Yojuanes sometimes invaded 

 the country of the Neche and their neigh- 

 bors; relations with the Bidai and Eyeish 

 seem to have been ordinarily unfriendly; 

 but chief of all the enemies were the 

 Apache. 



Between the Neche and Nacachau the 

 Queretaran friars, in 1716, established 

 San Francisco de los Neches mission, and 

 at the same time Ramon stationed a gar- 

 rison there. In 1719 the missionaries, 

 fearing a French attack incident to the 

 outbreak of war between France and 

 Spain, deserted this as well as the other 

 E. Texas missions, and left it to be plun- 

 dered by the Indians. In 1721 Gov. 

 Aguayo rebuilt the mission; but in 1731 

 it was removed to San Antonio, where 

 it was known as San Francisco de la 

 Espada (Ramon, Derrotero; Repre- 

 sentation by the Missionary Fathers, 

 1716, MS.; Pena, Diario; Espinosa, 

 Chronica Apostolica, 418, 153, et seq.). 



The Neche tribe, like all of its neigh- 

 bors, was insignificant in numbers. In 

 1721 Aguayo, while at the main' Neche 

 village, made presents to 188 men, 

 women, and children, which was con- 

 sidered an unusually "general distribu- 

 tion" of gifts (Pena, Diary of Aguayo's 

 expedition, 1721, MS.). The aggregate 

 of Indians of this and the neighboring 



