BULL. .•:<•] 



NEKRCHOKIOON NEGRO AND INDIAN 



51 



Till' few needles that have been found in 

 western archeological sites are larjre antl 

 clumsy and could have been employed 

 only in coarse work, such as the mats of 

 the Quinaielt, wlio in making tiieui use a 

 wooden needle to tie the rushes together 

 with cord. A similar needle is used in 

 house building l)y the Papago. The Es- 

 kimo, however, possessed fine needles of 

 ivory, suitable for many of the uses to 

 which the steel needle is put, and the 

 metal thimble was imitated in ivory. 

 Among them the needle case, artistically 

 and in other respects, reached its highest 

 development, like all the objects that were 

 subjected to the ingenuity of this people. 

 Eskimo needle cases were usually carved 

 of ivorv or formed from hollow bones 

 (Nelson in 18th Rep. B. A. E., 1899). In 

 the S. W. the sharp spine of the yucca fur- 

 nished a natural needle, thethreail being 

 formed of the attached fil)er. Wooden 

 knitting neeiUes were used among the 

 Puel)los. The N. W. coast tribes some- 

 times made needle cases of copper and 

 later of iron. (w. ii.) 



Neerchokioon. A Chinookan tribe, said 

 tonuml)er l,o40, ff)und by Lewis andClark 

 in 1806 on the s. side of Columbia r., a few 

 miles above Sauvies id. , Oreg. A division 

 of Lewis and Clark's "8hahala nation." 

 Ne-er-che-ki-oo. — Orig. Jour. Lewis and Clark, iv, 

 236, 1905. Neerchokioo. — Lewis andClark Exped., 

 n,217, •_>;«, ISH. 



Neeskotting. The gaffing of fish in shal- 

 low water at night with the aid of a lan- 

 tern. A long pole with a hook at the end 

 is used (Starr, Amer. Ind., 51, 1899). 

 The -ing is the English suffix, and neeakot 

 is probably the equivalent in the ]\Ias- 

 sachuset dialect of Algonquian of the 

 Micmac nii/og, 'harpoon' (Ferland, Foy. 

 Canad., Ill, 1885), which appears as 

 nigo(jiie in Canadian French. (.\. f. c. ) 



Neeslous. Given as a division of Tsim- 

 shian on Laredo canal, x. w. coast of 

 British Columbia. The Haida s])eak of 

 Nislas as a Tsimshian chief living in this 

 district. 



Neecelowes. — Gibbs after Anderson in Hist. Mag., 

 74, 1S&2. Neecelows. — Coues and Kingslev, Stand. 

 Nat. Hist., jit. G, 13G, 1885. Nees-lous"— Kane, 

 Wand, in N. A., app., 18.59. 



Negabamat, Noel. A converted Mon- 

 tagnais chief, who lived at Sillery, 

 Quebec; born about the beginning of the 

 17th century. He was baptized, with his 

 wife INIarie and his son Chai-les, in 1639. 

 Although general! V peai'eful after embrac- 

 ing Christianity, he frecjuently engaged 

 in war with the Iroquois, always enemies 

 of the Montagnais. In 1652 he was a 

 member of a delegation sent by his tribe 

 to solicit aid from Gov. Dudley, of New- 

 England, against the Iroquois. He also 

 appeared in behalf of his people and 

 acted on the part of the French during the 

 convention at Three Rivers, Quebec, in 

 1645, where a treaty of peace was made 



with the Iroquois and other tribes. He 

 was selected by Pere Druillettes to ac- 

 company him on his visit to the Abnaki 

 in 1651, at which time he was alluded to 

 by the French as "Captain i>^illery." It 

 was through his efforts that peace was 

 made by the French with one of the tribes 

 on the coast s. of Quebec, neighbors of the 

 Abnaki, seemingly the Malecite or Nor- 

 ridgewock. On his death, Mar. 19, 1666, 

 his war chief, Negaskouat, became his 

 successor. Negal)aniat was a firm friend 

 of the French, and after his conversion 

 was their chief counsellor in regard to 

 tlieir movements on the lower St Law- 

 rence, (c. T. ) 



Negahnquet, Albert. A Potawatomi, the 

 first full-blood Indian of the L^ nited States 

 to be ordained a Roman Catholic j^riest. 

 Born near St Marys, Kans , in 1874, he 

 moved with his parents to the Potawatomi 

 res. (now Pottawatomie CO., Okla. ), where 

 he entered the Catholic mission school 

 conducted by the Benedictine monks at 

 Sacred Heart Mission, making rapid prog- 

 ress in his studies and gaining the friend- 

 ship of his teachers by his tractable char- 

 acter. Later he entered the College of the 

 Propaganda Fide in Rome, and w'as there 

 ordained a priest in 1903. The same year 

 he returnetl to America and has since 

 engaged in active religious work among 

 the Indians. 



Negaouichiriniouek ('people of the fine 

 sandy beach.' — A. F. C. ). A tribe or ))and 

 living in 1658 in the vicinity of the mis- 

 sion of St Michel near the head of Green 

 bay. Wis. ; probably a part of the Ottawa 

 tribe, possibly the Nassauaketon. They 

 are located Viy the Jesuit Relation of 1648 

 on the s. side of L. Huron in the vicinity 

 of the Ottawa. In 1658, fleeing before 

 the Iroquois, they came to the country of 

 the Potawatomi at Green bay precisely 

 as the Ottawa did and at the same time. 



Negaouich. — Taillian in Ferrot, Mem., 2^1, 1864 

 ( • 'les 1 1 linois Nega< mieh " ) . Negaouichiriniouek. — 

 Jes. Rel. 1658,21, 1858. Negaouichirinouek. — ['errot 

 (ca. 1720), Mem., 221, 1864. Nigouaouichirinik. — 

 Jes. Rel. 1648, 62, 18.58. 



Negas. A former Abnaki village in Pe- 

 nobscot CO. , Me. 



Negas.— Willis in Me. Hist.Soe. ColL, iv, 108, 1856. 

 Nique. — Alcedo, Die. Geog., in, 335, 1788 

 (identical?). 



Negro and Indian. The first negro 

 slaves were intro<luced into the New 

 World (1501-03) ostensibly to labor in 

 the place of the Indians, who showed 

 themselves ill-suited to enforced tasks 

 and, moreover, were being exterminated 

 in the Spanish colonies. The Indian- 

 negro intermixture has proceeded on a 

 larger scale in South America, but not a 

 little has also taken place in various jiarts 

 of the northern continent. Wood (New 

 England's Prospect, 77, 1634) tells how 

 some Indians of Massachusetts in 1633, 

 coming across a negro in the top of a tree, 



