HULL. SO] 



NEODAKHEAT NEPHRITE 



55 



Neodakheat (Xe-o^-dak-Jie^-at, 'head of 

 the lake ' ) . Given by IMorgan as a former 

 Cayuga village at the head of Cayuga lake, 

 on the.siteof Ithaea, N. Y. In 1750, Caui- 

 merhoff, Zeisberger's companion, calkd 

 the lake there Ganiataregechiat, \vith the 

 same meaning. In 1 7(i6 Zei8l)erger again 

 visited the place and said a Delaware vil- 

 lage existed at the end of the lake. Three 

 or 4 m. off was a Tutelo village with a 

 Cayuga chief. The .Tutelo ha<l been 

 placed there by the Iroquois, (w. si. b. ) 

 Ne-o-daikhe-at.— Morgan, Leairue Iroq., 470. 1851. 

 Oeyendehit.— I'ouchot ma[) ( 17,58) in JS. Y. Doc. Col. 

 Hist., X, (i94, 1858 (pos.'sibly identical). O-nya'-de- 

 a*-ka"'-hyat.— Hewitt, inf'n, 1886 (Seneca form). 



Neokautah (Four Legs). The Meno- 

 minee name of a Winneljago chief whose 

 village, commonly known as Four Legs 

 Village, was situated at the point where 

 Fox r. leaves L. Winnebago, on the site 

 of the present Neenah, Winnel)ago co.. 

 Wis. According to Draper (Wis. Hist. 

 Soc. Coll., X, 114, 1888) , while living here 

 Neokautah for a time claimed tribute from 

 Americans who jtassed his village. With 

 Dekaury and other Winnebago chiefs he 

 joined in the war against the United 

 States in 1812-13, reaching the seat of 

 hostilities in time to join Tecumseh in 

 the fighting at Ft Meigs, Ohio, and later 

 engaged in the attack on Ft Sandusky, 

 so ably defended by Croghan (Grignon's 

 Recolfections in Wis. Hist. Soc. Coll., in, 

 269, 1857). Neokautah was one of the 

 representatives of his people at the jteace 

 conference at Mackinaw, Mich., June 3, 

 1815, and was a signer of the treaty of 

 Prairie du Chien, Wis. , Aug. 19, 1 825, under 

 the French name " Les quatres jandies," 

 as leading representative of his tribe. 

 His Winnebago name is given as Hoot- 

 shoapkau, but it seems to have l)een sel- 

 dom used. (c. T. ) 



Neolithic age. A term, signifying 'new 

 stone age,' applied originally in Europe to 

 the culture period that followed the Paleo- 

 lithic ('old stone') age and preceded the 

 Bronze or Metal age, the separation, as 

 the name implies, being chronologic. In 

 northern America at the period of dis- 

 covery the native culture was that of the 

 Stone age in general, all stages of stone 

 art being represented at one and the same 

 time. If is thus not possible to separate 

 the culture as a whole on a time basis, 

 and the terms Neolithic and Paleolithic 

 are not applicable save in a theoi'etical 

 sense, i. e., on the assumption that eaih 

 tribe or group of tribes that had achieved 

 the higher stone culture had necessarily 

 at an earlier period passed through the 

 lower, ^ee Aiitic/ititij. (w. fi. it.) 



Neomaitaneo {iifouia^, 'sand piled in 

 hills'; ht'tii'neo, 'men, people': 'sand-hill 

 people'). A band of the Heviqsnipahis 

 division of the Cheyenne, so called from 

 having formerly ranged chiefly in the 



"sand-hill country" of N. e. Colorado. 

 Not identical with the Cheyenne tribe as 

 a whole, as has ])een stated. (.i. M.) 

 Neomaitaneo. — .Mooncy, Cheyenne MS., B. A. E., 

 I'.RHi. Sand-hill people. — Grinnell in Internat. 

 Cons- Americanists. -Mil, 139, 1905. 



Neomonni ( Rain-cloud). An Iowa chief, 

 of inferior grade, during the early half of 

 the 19th century. He claimed to have 

 taken scalps from Kansa, Omaha, Mis- 

 souri, Sioux, Osage, and Sauk Indians, 

 and Catlin (Fourteen Iowa Indians, 3, 0, 

 1844), who writes his name "New- 

 mon-ya. Walking rain," says he was 

 much more tlistinguished as a warrior 

 than White Cloud (under whom he was 

 third chief), one of the most remarkable 

 and celebrated men of the Iowa tribe. 

 Catlin gives Neomonni's a.ire, al)out 1843, 

 as 54 years, and describes him as nearlj' 

 Bi ft tall. He was one of the 14 Iowa 

 who visited England with Melody in 

 1843, Catlin, who painted his portrait, 

 acting as interpreter. His name appears 

 among the signers to the treaties of Prairie 

 du Chien, Wis., July 15, 18.30, as "Niayoo 

 Manic, Walking rain"; Ft Leavenworth, 

 Kans., Sept. 17, 1836, as "Ne-o-mo-na, 

 Raining cloud " ; and St Louis, Mo., Nov. 

 23, 1837, as Ne-o-mon-ni. His portrait 

 was also painted in Washington for the 

 War Department l)y C. B. King, and is 

 reproduced in McKennevand Hall, Ind. 

 Tribes, ii, 1S58. 



Nepanet, Tom. A Christian Nipmuc, 

 the faithful and valued friend of the 

 Massachusetts colonists during the King 

 Philip war in the 17th century. The 

 English, desirous of negotiating with the 

 enemy for the release of certain white 

 captives, chose Ne})anetas their emissary, 

 and although confined with others on an 

 island in Boston harbor, he consented to 

 undertake the mission. He started for 

 the Indian camp, Apr. 12, 1676, and 

 although unsuccessful in the first attempt, 

 it was chiefly through his initiative and 

 subsequent efforts that the family of ]Mr 

 Rowlandson and other prisoners were 

 finally released. It was also through his 

 aid that a party of Englishmen under 

 Capt. Henchman were enabled to sur- 

 prise a body of the enemy at Weshakom 

 ponds, near Lancaster, Mass., in May, 

 1676. (c. T. ) 



Nepawtacum. A village of the Powhatan 

 confederacy in 1608, situated on the n. 

 bank of the Rappahannock, in Lancaster 

 CO., Va. — Smith (1629), Va., i, map, repr. 

 1819. 



Nephrite. This semiprecious stone, 

 called also jade, was employed by the 

 native trilies of British Columbia and 

 Alaska in the manufacture of implements. 

 Deposits of the stone were found in 1890 

 by Lieut. Stoney in what is now called 

 the Jade mts., which lie n. of Kowak 

 r., Alaska, 150 m. above its mouth; and 



