BULL. 30] 



NEWARK WORKS 



63 



formed. Their skulls are dolichocephalic. 

 According to Bandelier (Arch. Inst. Pa- 

 pers, III, 54, 1890) their social organization 

 and their religions belief-s and practices 

 were analogous to those of the Yaqui. 

 They were described by Ribas, a mis- 

 sionary of the 17th century, as "on the 

 banks of creeks with good running water, 

 their houses Ix'tter and more durable than 

 thoseofneighl)oringtril>es, the walls l)eing 

 formed of large adobes and the roois tlat 

 and covered with earth. Some of their 

 houses were much larger than others and 

 furnished with loopholes like forts, in 

 which the people could take refuge in 

 times of danger." Lumholtz ( Unknown 

 Mexico, I, 127, 1902) says they often have 

 connected with their houses a kind of 



pueblos of Huexotitlan, Maguina, To.sona- 

 chic, Tutuaca, and Yepachic contained a 

 mixed population of Nevome, Tarahu- 

 mare, and Tepehuane. (f. w. h.) 



Coras. — Bandelier in Areli. Inst. Pnpcr.s, ill, 51, 

 1890(Xebonies, or). Nebome. — Ribas, Hist. Triuni- 

 phos, 3(J1, lti4.5. Nebomes Baxos. — Ibid. ,370. Pimas 

 Bajos. — Orozco y Berra, Geog., 58, \HM. Pimas de 

 el Sur. — Rivera, Diario, leg. 1.514, 173G. Southern 

 Pimas. — Bandelier, op. eit., 76. 



Newark works. The most elaborate and 

 complicated group of ancient works e. f)f 

 the Rocky mts., situated at the junction 

 of South and Raccoon forks of Licking r., 

 near Newark, Licking co., Ohio. They 

 are on a plain elevated 30 to 50 ft above 

 the bottom land bordering the stream, 

 and consist of an extensive series of 

 square, circular, and octagonal inclosu res, 



MAP OF NEWARK WORKS. (AFTER SQUIER AND DAVIs) 



outside cellar, covered with a conical roof 

 of dry grass, which serves both as a work- 

 room and as a storeroom for their stock 

 in trade. Like all the converted Indians 

 of this section it is common at the 

 present day for them to fix small crosses 

 in a log and plant them in front of their 

 houses. Their chief and most formid- 

 able enemies in former times were the 

 Apache. The divisions of the Nevome, 

 usually so called from the names of the 

 villages at various periods, are: Aivino, 

 Basiroa, Buena Vista, Cunmripa, Ecata- 

 cari, Hecatari, Hios, Huvaguere, Maicoba, 

 Moicaqui, ]\Iovas, Nuri, Onavas, Onoiia, 

 Ostimuri, San Antonio de la Hugrta, San 

 Jose de los Pimas, SibuVjapa, Sisibotari, 

 Soyopa,Suaqui,Tecoripa Tehata,Tehuizo, 

 Tonichi, L'^res (in part), and Yecora. The 



with mounds, ditches, and connecting 

 avenues spreading over neai'ly 4 s(j. ni. 

 A number of the minor structures have 

 been obliterated and a large portion of 

 the remaining walls considerably reiluced 

 by tlie plow. Fortunately, an accurate 

 survey and plat were made by Col. Whit- 

 tlesey in 1836 while the works were yet 

 comparatively uninjured; and other sur- 

 veys and plats were made by t lie Bureau of 

 American Ethnology in 1888 and a partial 

 survey by the V . S. Geological Survey in 

 1891. The works consist of two groups, 

 nearly 2 ni. apart, connected by two wall- 

 lined avenues. The western group consists 

 of a large circle connected with an octagon. 

 Outside the latter, near the e. corner, there 

 is a small circle, and near the middle of 

 the s. side there is another. From the 



