BULL. 30] 



NITAHAURITZ NIUYAKA 



77 



self with the French in their war with the 

 Enghsh, and it is f^aid was preifent at Ft 

 Duquesne at the time vi Braddock's de- 

 feat. He is said to have been still living 

 in 1780 (Draper in Wis. Hist. Coll., in, 

 199, 1S57; Mich. Pion. Coll., x, 406, 

 1888). His name is also spelled Xissaoua- 

 kouad (Wis. Hist. Coll., vii, 125, 1876). 



Nitahauritz. One of the 4 Alibamu 

 towns formerly existing w. of the con- 

 fluence of Cabo (Cahawba) and Alabama 

 rs., in Dallas co., Ala. 



Nitahaurithz.— Lrtttro, Carte des Etats-Unis, 1784. 

 Nitahauritz. — JeffLTys, Am. Atlas, map 5, 1776. 



Nitak. A Knaiakhotana village on the 

 E. side of Knik bay, at the head of Cook 

 inlet, Alaska, containing 15 persons in 

 1880. 



Nitak.— Baker, Geog. Diet. Alaska, 1901. Nitakh.— 

 Petroff ill 10th Census, Alaska, 29, 1884. 



Nitakoskitsipupiks ('obstinate'). A 

 band of the Picgan tribe of the Siksika. 

 Ne-ta'-ka-ski-tsi-pup' iks. — Havdeii, Ethiiotr. and 

 Philol. Mo. Val., 2(!4, 18ti2 (trans, ■people that 

 have their own way ' ). Nit'-ak-os-kit-si-pup-iks.— 

 Griiinell, Blaekfoot Lodge Tales, 2U'J, 1S92. Obsti- 

 nate. — Ibid., 225. 



Nitawaliks. Given as a Chimmesyan 

 trilieon upper Nass r., Brit. Col. — Tolmie 

 and Dawson, Vocabs. Brit. Col., 113b, 

 1884. 



Nitawyiks ( ' lone eaters ' ) . A band of 

 the Piegan tribe of the Siksika. 

 Lone Eaters. — Grinnell, Blaekfoot Lodge Tales, 

 22.=., 1892. Ni-taw'-yiks.— Ibid. ,209. 



Nitchequon. A small tribe or division 

 living about Nicheka lake, Ungava, Cana- 

 da; prol:)ably a Nascapee band. 



Nitchequon. — Hind, Labrador Penin., ll, 117, lSfi3. 

 Nitchik Irinionetchs. — Bellin, map, 1753. Nitchik 

 Irinionetz. — La Tour, map, 1779. Nitchiks. — Jef- 

 ferys, French Dom., pt. 1, map, 1761. 



Nitel. A Chumashan village on Hanta 

 Cruz id. (the tSan Lucas of Cabrillo), 

 Cal. in 1542.— Cabrillo (1542) in Smith, 

 Colec. Doc. Fla., 181, 1857. 



Nitli-songs. The nith-songs (Norwe- 

 gian nitJi, 'contention' ) of the Greenland 

 Eskimo are a species of word duel in 

 which the audience present has the de- 

 ciding voice, a sort of decision b\^ "song 

 and dance" of private quarrels and dis- 

 putes — primitive arbitration, as it were. 

 As described by Crantz (1767) and Egede 

 (1746) this institution isasfollows: When 

 a Greenlander t'onsiders himself injured 

 in any way by another person, he com- 

 poses al)out him a satirical song, which 

 he rehearses with the help of his inti- 

 mates. He then challenges the offending 

 one to a duel of song. One after another 

 the two disputants sing at each other 

 their wisdom, wit, and satire, supported 

 by their jtartisans. until at last one is at 

 his wit's end, when the audience, who are 

 the jury, maki> kni)\vn their decision. 

 The matter is now settled for gooil, and 

 the contestants must be friends again and 

 not recall the matter which was in dis- 

 pute. Egede styled this song contest 

 "the common mode of avenging one's 

 self in Greenland." To make his oppo- 



nent the laughing stock of the commu- 

 nity is a sweet morsel of revenge f( )r an 

 Eskimo. The general oijinion of trav- 

 elers and others is that the "song duel" 

 was a very useful and even praiseworthy 

 social institution, and Nansen expresses 

 his regret that on the w. coast of Green- 

 land it has been abolished by the mis-' 

 sionaries. On the e. coast it lingers, as 

 Nansen reports, in the form of the so- 

 called "drum dance," the only real judi- 

 cial institution of these Eskimo. The fear 

 of i>ul)lic shame is very powerful as a fac- 

 tor in social betterment. This remark- 

 able restriction of vengeance and nioditi- 

 cation of the duel has been largely over- 

 looked by sociologists. Boas reports the 

 nith-song as still in vogue among the Es- 

 kimo of Baffin land, where "downright 

 hostile feelings and personal grudges are 

 settled by the opponents meeting on a 

 fixed occasion and singing songs at each 

 other"; and Swanton reports an analo- 

 gous custom among the Tlingit, entered 

 into bj' opposing phratries. Brinton ( Es- 

 says of Amer., 287, 1890) gives a speci- 

 men of this poetic duel, furnished by 

 Rink. Consult also Egede, Descr. of 

 Greenland, 153, 1745; Crantz, Hist, of 

 Greenland, 178, 1767; Nansen, First Cross- 

 ing, 337, 1890; Steinmetz, Entwickl. der 

 Strafe, ii, 67-76, 1892. (.\. f. c. ) 



Nitikskiks (Xit^-ik-sliks, 'lone fight- 

 ers'). A band ( if the Piegan and also of the 

 Kainah tiil)e of the Siksika.— Grinnell, 

 Blaekfoot Lodge Tales, 209, 1892. 



Nitinat. A Nootka tribe on a tidal lake 

 of the same name, near the s. w. coast of 

 Vancouver id. Pop. 198 in 1906. Their 

 villages are Carmanah, Clo-oose, Tso- 

 oquahna, and Wyah. 



Nettinat. — Taylor iii Cal. Farmer, Aug. 1, 1862. 

 Niten aht.— Brit. Col. map, Victoria, 1872. Niti- 

 naht.— Sproat, Savage Life, 308, 1S68. Nitinat.— 

 Galiano,Viaje, 28, 1802. Ni'tinath.— Boas, fith Rep. 

 N. W. Tribes Can., 31, ISyO. Nittanat.— Kellev, 

 Oregon, 68, 1830 (given as a village ). Nitten-aht.— 

 Can. Ind. AfT., 188.1883. Nittenat.— Scouler (1846) 

 in Jour. Ethnol. Soc. Lond., I 234, 1848. Nitti- 

 nahts.— Whymper, Travels, 74, 1869. Nittinat.— 

 Mayne, Brit. Col., 2.51, 1862. 



Nitotsiksisstaniks (' kill close by'). A 

 band of the Piegan tribe of the Siksika. 

 Kill Close By.— Griiuifll, Blaekfoot Lodge Tales, 

 225, 1S92. Ni-tot'-si-ksis-stan-iks.— Ibid., 209. 



Niudje {Xi-i'idje, 'lower part of a 

 stream' ). A former village of the Kansa 

 on Kansas r., about 4 m. above the site 

 of Kansas Citv, Mo. — J. O. Dorsev, Kansa 

 MS. vocab., B. A. E., 1882. 



Niueuomokai {udm signifies 'offspring 

 of two sisters ' ) . The Buzzard clan of the 

 Pima. 



Ni-ue-U6m 0-kai. — Bandelier in Arch. Inst. Papers, 

 III, 2-54, 1890. Nuey-kech-emk. — ten Kate, Reizen 

 in N. .\., 1.55, is.s.=,. 



Niutang, A village of the Kingnait- 

 miut sulitribe of the Okomiut Eskimo on 

 Kingnait fjord, e. Baffin land. — Boas in 

 6th Rep. B. A. E., map, 1888. 



Niuyaka ( ' New York ' ) . A subordinate 

 settlement of the Upper Creek town Oak- 



