BULL. 30] 



OKPAAK OLAGALE 



117 



Farmer, :May 11, 1860) . Probably itlenti- 

 oal with Kowanga or with Cahuenga. 



Okpaak. A Malecite village on middle 

 St John r., N. B., in 1769. 

 Ocpack.— La Tour, map, 178-1. Okpaak. — Wood 

 (1769) quoted by Hawkins, Mis.i., 361, IS4.S. Oug- 

 pauk. — Jt'fferys, Fr. Doras., pt. 1, map, 119,1761. 



Okpam. A former INIaidu village on the 

 w. side of Feather r., just below the vil- 

 lage of Sesum, Sutter co., Cal. — Dixon in 

 Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., xvii, pi. 38, 

 1905. 



Oktahatke ('white sand'). A former 

 Seminole town 7 m. n. e. of Sampala, 

 probably in Calhoun co., Fla. Meno- 

 homahla was chief in 1823. — H. R. Ex. 

 Doc. 74, 19th Cong., 1st sess., 27, 1826. 



Oktchunualgi ('salt people'). An ex- 

 tinct Creek clan. 



Ok-chun'-wa.— Morgan, Anc. See, 161, 1878. Ok- 

 tchunualgi. — Gatschet, Creek Migr. Leg., i, 166, 

 1884. 



Okuwa. The Cloud clans of the Tewa 

 pueblos of San Juan, Santa Clara, San 

 Ildefonso, Tesuque, and Nambe, N. Mex., 

 and of Hano, Ariz. 



Kus.— Stephen in 8th Rep. B. A. E., 39, 1891 

 (Navaho name). O'-ku-wa.— Fewkes in Am. 

 Anthrop., vii, 166, 1894 (Hano). Okuwa-tdoa.— 

 Hodge in Am. Anthrop., ix, 349, 1S96 (Hano and 

 San Ildefonso forms; ^doo =' people'). (J'-ku- 

 wun. ^Stephen, op. cit. (Hano). O'-mau. — Ibid. 

 (Hopi name). Oquwa tdoa. — Hodge, op. cit. 

 (Santa Clara form; g=Ger. ch). Owhat tdoa. — 

 Ibid. (Tesuque form). Owhii tdoa.— Ibid. (Nambe 

 form ) . 



Okwanuchu {Ok-iva^-mi-chu). A small 

 Shasta tribe formerly occupying the upper 

 part of McCloud r., Cal., as far down as 

 Salt cr., the upper Sacramento as far 

 down as Squaw cr., and the valley of the 

 latter stream. Their language is in jiart 

 close to that of the Shasta proper, but it 

 contains a number of totally disfinct 

 words, unlike any other surrounding 

 language. (r. b. d.) 



Ola [O'-la). A former village of the 

 Maidu on Sacramento r., just above 

 Knight's Landing, Sutter co., Cal. The 

 name has also been applied to the inhab- 

 itants as a tribal division. If they were 

 the same as the Clashes, who in 1856 

 lived near Hock farm, Sutter co., there 

 w-ere 20 survivors in 1856. (r. b. d. ) 



Clashes.— Taylor in Cal. Farmer, Nov. 9, 1860 

 (probablv identical). Ol'-la. — Powers in Cont. N. 

 A. Ethnol., Ill, 282, 1877. 



Olabalkebiche ( lldhaR-ebish, ' Tattooed 

 Serpent,' in French Strpent Pique, usually 

 but erroneously translated ' Stung Ser- 

 pent'). A noted Natchez chief and the 

 one oftenest refsrred to by French 

 writers. He was not the Great Sun, or 

 head-chief of the nation, but occupied the 

 second po.«ition of dignity, that of head 

 war-chief, and was so deeply loved by his 

 superior that he was sometimes, as by 

 Dumont's informant, supposed to have 

 been the head-cliief himself. He and the 

 Great Sun are usually called brothers, and 

 very likely they were, though it is possi- 

 ble they were brothers only in the Indian 



sense — i. e., as children of women belong- 

 ing to one social group. The first that is 

 heard of Olabalkebiche is in the Natchez 

 war of 1716, when he with his brother 

 and a number of other persons were 

 seized by Bienville and held in captivity 

 ilntil they had agreed to make reparation 

 for the murder of some traders and assist 

 the French in erecting a fort near their 

 villages. From this time until his death 

 Olabalkebiche appears as the friend of 

 the French and peacemaker between his 

 own people and them. He was on inti- 

 mate terms with all the French officers 

 and the princii)al settlers, including the 

 historian Le Page Du Pratz. At his death, 

 in 1725, the grief of the Great Sun knew 

 no bounds, and it was with the utmost 

 difficulty that the French could restrain 

 him from committing suicide. They 

 could not, however, avert the destruction 

 of his wives and officers who w'ere killed 

 to accompany his soul into the realm of 

 spirits. Before this took place his body 

 lay in state in his own house for some 

 time surrounded by his friends, the in- 

 signia of his rank, and the marks of his 

 prowess, including the calumets received 

 by him, and 46 rings, to indicate the num- 

 ber of times he had counted coup against 

 his enemies. Detailed descriptions of the 

 mortuary ceremonies are given by Du 

 Pratz and Dumont, though the latter, or 

 rather his anonymous informant, is in 

 error in speaking of him as the Great 

 Sun. From all the accounts given of this 

 chief it is evident that he was a man of 

 unusual force of character combined with 

 an equal amount of sagacity in the face of 

 new conditions, such as were brouglit 

 about by the settlement of the French in 

 his neighborhood. Whether from policy 

 or real regard he was one of the best 

 friends the French possessed among the 

 Natchez, and his death and that of his 

 brother two years later pafed the way 

 for an ascendancy of the English party 

 in the nation and the terrible massacre 

 of 1729. (j. R. s.) 



Olacnayake. A former Seminole village 

 situated about the extreme n. e. corner of 

 Hillsboro co., Fla.— H. R. Doc. 78, 25th 

 Cong., 2d sess., map, 768, 1838. 



Olagale. A "kingdom," i. e. tribe, 

 mentioned by Fontaneda as being, about 

 1570, somewhere in n. central Florida, e. 

 of Apalachee. By consonantic inter- 

 change it appears to be identical with 

 Etocale (Biedma), Ocale (Ranjel), and 

 Cale (Gentl. of Elvas), a "province" 

 through which De Soto passed in 1539 on 

 the road to Potano (q. v. ), and is probably 

 also the Eloquale of the De Bry map of 

 1591, indicated as westward from middle 

 St John r. , perhaps in the neighborhood of 

 the present Ocala, Marion co., Fla. Bied- 

 ma speaks of it as a small town, probably 



