BULL. 30] 



ONEIDA 



125 



Catawba and some Muskhogean tribes. 

 The Tuscarora, Hustaiiuuj; several severe 

 defeats, were finally driven from their 

 homes and hunting grounds. This act of 

 the Southern Indians made the hatred 

 of the Iroquois against the Catawl>amore 

 bitter and merciless. 



The Oneida were at times friendly to 

 the French and to the Jesuit missionaries, 

 wliile the other Irocjuois were their de- 

 termined enemies. A great part of the 

 Oneida and the Tuscarora, through the 

 influence of Kev. Samuel Kirkland, re- 

 mained neutral in the Revolutionary war, 

 while the majority of the confederation 

 of the Iroquois were divided and did not 

 act as a unit in this matter. Early in 

 that struggle the hostile Iroquois tribes 

 attacked the Oneida and burned one of 

 their villages, forcing them to take refuge 

 near the Americans in the vicinity of 

 Schenectady, where they remained until 

 the close of the war. Shortly after the 

 main ))ody of the tribe returned to their 

 former homes. At a later pei'iod a con- 

 siderable numl)er emigrated to Canada 

 and settled on (^rand r. and Thames r., 

 Ontario. Another small band, called 

 Oriskas, formed a new settlement at 

 Oanowarohare, a few miles from the 

 main body in Oneida co., N. Y. . At dif- 

 ferent earlier periods the Oneida adopted 

 and gave lands to the Tuscarora, the 

 Stockbridges, and the Brothertons. The 

 Tuscarora afterward removed to land 

 granted by the Seneca in w. New York. 

 In 1846, having sold most of their lands 

 in New York, the greater part of the 

 Oneida, together with their last two 

 adopted tribes, removed to a tract on 

 Green bay. Wis., where they now reside. 

 Among those living in New York at 

 the time of removal were two parties 

 known respectively as tlie First Chris- 

 tian, and the Second Christian or Orchard 

 party. 



The Oneida entered into treaties with 

 the United States at Ft Stanwix, N. Y., 

 Oct. 22, 1784; Ft Harmar, O., Jan. 9, 

 1789; Canandaigua, N. Y., Nov. 11, 1794; 

 Oneida, N. Y., Dec. 2, 1794; Buffalo 

 Creek, N. Y., Jan. 15, 1838; and Wash- 

 ington, D. C, Feb. .3, 1838. They also 

 held no fewer than 30 treaties with the 

 State of New York between the years 

 1788 and 1842. 



The estimates of Oneida population at 

 different periods are no more satisfactory 

 than those relating to the other Iroquois 

 tribes. The earliest account (1660) gives 

 them 500. They are placed at 1 ,000 in 1677 

 and 1721. In 1770 thev were estimated 

 at 410, in 1776 at 628, and in 1795 at 660, 

 and were said to have been decreasing for 

 iL long time. Thev number at present 

 (1906 ) about 3,220," of whom 286 are still 

 in New York, 2,151 under the Oneida 



School Superintendency in Wisconsin, 

 783 on Thames r., Ontario, besides those 

 settled among the other Iroquois on Grand 

 r. , Ontario. There are no means of learn- 

 ing the number of Oneida who joined the 

 several colonies of Catholic Iroquois. 



The Oneida towns, so far as known, 

 werp: Awegen, Brothertown, Cahun- 

 ghage, Canowdowsa, Cowassalon, Chitte- 

 nango, Ganadoga, Hostayuntwa, Oneida, 

 Opolopong, Oriska, Ossewingo, Ostoge- 

 ron, Schoherage, Sevege, Solocka, Stock- 

 I)ridge, Tegasoke, Teseroken, Teiosweken, 

 and Tkanetota. (j. n. b. h.) 



Anayints.— Pa. Col. Rec, IV, 584, 1851. Anayot 

 haga. — Pyrla?us (ra. 1750) quoted in Am. Antiq., 

 IV, 75, 1881. Annegouts. — Bacqueville de la 

 Potherie, Hist. Amer. Septent., in, 3, 1753. 

 Anoyints. — Mallery in Proc, A. A. A. S., xxvi, 

 352, 1877. Hogh-na-you-tau-agh-taugh-caugh.— Ma- 

 cauley, X. Y., ii, 176, 1829. Honnehiouts.— Hen- 

 nepin, New Discov., map, 1698. Huniedes.— Doe. 

 of 1676 in N. \. Doc. Col. Hist., xiii, .500, 1881. 

 Janadoah. — Morse, Am. Geog., i, 4.5-1, 1819 { here 

 used for Iroquois generally). Janitos. — Lawson 

 (1700) quoted by Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, vi, 

 326, 18.57 (incorrectly given as Lawson'.s form). 

 Jennitos.— Lawson ("l709). Hist. Car., 82, 1860. 

 Nation de la Pierre.— Jes. Rel. 1669, 7, 18.58. 

 Ne-ar-de-on-dar-go'-war. — Morgan, League Iroq., 

 98, 1851(council name). Neharontoquoah. — Weiser 

 (1750) in Pa. Col. Rec, v, 477, 1S51. Ne-haw-re- 

 tah-go.— Macauley, N. Y., ii, 185, 1829. Ne-haw-' 

 re-tah-go-wah. — Beauchamp in Bull. 78, N. Y. 

 State Mus., 101, 1905. Ne-haw-teh-tah-go.— Cusick, 

 Six Nations. 16, 1S28. Ne'yutka.— Gatschet, Sen- 

 eca MS., B. A. E., 1882 (Seneca name). Ne'yutka- 

 nonu'ndshunda.— Ibid, (another Seneca name). 

 Niharuntagoa. — Pyrlfeus (ra. 1750) in Am. Antiq., 

 IV, 75, 1881. Niharuntaquoa. — Wei.ser (1743), op. 

 cit., IV, 664, 1851. Nihatiloendagowa.— J. N. B. 

 Hewitt, inf'n, 1907 ('they are large trees': politi- 

 cal name). Kihorontagowa. — Benson quoted by 

 Drake, Bk. Inds., bk. 5. Ill, 1848. Niondago'a.— 

 Gatschet, Seneca MS., B. A. E., 1882 ('large trees': 

 Seneca name). Niunda-ko'wa. — (iatschet, Seneca 

 MS., 1882 ('large trees'). Onayauts.— Writer 

 quoted by Drake, Bk. Inds.. bk. 5,4, 1848. Ona- 

 yiuts.— Golden (1727), Five Nat., app., 58, 1747. 

 O-na-yote'-ka-o-no.— Morgan, League Iroq.,. 52, 1851. 

 Oncidas.— Keane in Stanford, Compend., 627, 1878 

 (misprint). Oncydes. — Humphreys, Acct., 294, 

 1730 (misprint). 0-nea-yo-ta-au-cau. — Barton, New 

 Views, app., 6, 1798. Onedes.— .\lbanvConf. (1737) 

 in N. Y. Do». Col. Hist., vi, 98, 1855. Onedoes.— 

 Golden (173«), ibid., 123. Oneiadas.— Writer of 

 1792 in Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll., 1st s., i, '287, 1806. 

 Oneiadds.— Doc. of 16S7 in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., 



III, 432, 18.53. Oneiades.— Allvn (1666) in Mass. 

 Hist. Soc. Coll., 3d s., x, 63, 1849. Oneidaes.— Dud- 

 ley (1721) in Ma.ss. Hist. Soc. Coll. , 2d s., viii,'244, 

 1819. Oneidas.— Doc. of 1676 in N. Y. Doc. Col. 

 Hist., XIII, 602, 1881. Oneides.— Andros (1679), 

 ibid.. Ill, 277, 1853. Oneidoes.— Colhoun (17.53), 

 ibid., VI. 8'2J, 1856. Oneids.— Vernon (1697), ibid., 



IV, '289, 18.54. Oneijdes.— Wes.sels (1693), ibid., 60. 

 Oneiochronon. — Jes. Rel. 1640, 35, 1858. Oneiotch- 

 ronons. — Ibid., 1646, 34, 1868. OneiSchronons. — 

 Ibid., 1639, 67, 18.58. Oneioviks. — Coxe, Carolana, 

 56, 1741. Oneiouronons. — Courcelles ( 1670) in Mar- 

 gry, Dt?c., I, 178, 1875. Oneiout.— Jes. Rel. 16.56, 

 12, 1858 (village). OneiStcheronons. — Jes. Rel. 

 1646, 34, 1858. Oneioutchronnons.— Ibid., 16.56, 17, 

 1858. Onei-yu-ta-augh-a. — Macauley, N. Y., II, 

 185, 1829. Oneiyutas.— Edwards (1751) in Mass. 

 Hist. Soc. Coll.. 1st s., X. 146, 1849. Onejda.— Wrax- 

 all (17.54) in N. Y'. Doc. Col. Hist, vi, 8.57, 18.5.5. 

 Onejdes.— Cortland (1687), ibid., in, 435, 18.53. 

 Onejoust.— Louis XIV (1699), ibid., IX, 698,18.55. 

 Oneotas.— Mallery in Proc. A. A. A. S., xxvi, 3.5'2, 

 1877. Oneout.— Jes. Rel. 16.56, 1^0, 1858 (village). 

 OneoutchoueroBons.— Jes. Rel. 1696, 10, 18.58. Oney- 

 ades.— Doe. of 1679 in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., xni. 

 536, 1881. Oneydas.— Doc. of 1677, ibid., xiii, 510, 



