BULL. 30] 



ONEIDA ONEKA 



127 



adoetl," containing about 100 houses and 

 200 warriori^, situated 20 (.'«*'•) ni. from 

 Oneida cr. and 30 m. s. of ]\Ioha\vk r. ; it 

 had but Httle cleared land, "so that 

 they are forced to send to ye Onondago's 

 to buy corne." This village, therefore, 

 was not situated on the site visited by 

 Van Curler. In Aug. 1696 a principal 

 town of the Oneida was burned by Vau- 

 dreuil, a lieutenant of Count Frontenac. 



In 1756 Sir William Johnson (N. Y. 

 Doc. Col. Hist., VII, 101, 1856) employed 

 the name Onawaraghhare to designate a 

 place regarded as suitable for the erec- 

 tion of a fort, thus showing that at that 

 time there was a village called "Cano- 

 waroghere." In 1762 Lieut. Guy John- 

 son, starting from German Flats, visited 

 the Oneida (N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., vii, 

 512, 1856). The first town reached he 

 called " Upper Oneida Castle," and also 

 simply "Oneida." Thence he went to 

 " Canowaroghere, a new village of the 

 Oneidas." On Sauthier's map of Jan. 1, 

 1779, 3 Oneida villages are placed in the 

 valley of Oneida cr. : (1) Old Oneyda 

 Cast(le), placed e. of the headwaters 

 of Oneida cr. and x. of the junction of 

 the trails from Ft Schuyler and from Ft 

 Herkermer; (2) Canowaroghare, lower 

 down the valley at the junction of the 

 trails from Ft Schuyler and Ft Stanwix, 

 and on the left bank of Oneida cr. ; 

 (3) New Oneyda Castle, on the right 

 bank of Oneida cr., at the junction of 

 the trails from his Canowaroghare and 

 from Ft Stanwix, and on the trail lead- 

 ing from 'Canowaroghare to the Royal 

 Blockhouse on Wood cr. Two of these, 

 if not all of them, were contemporary. 

 In 1 774 the Montauk Indians w^ere to be 

 settled at Canowaroghare. At Oneida in 

 1667 was founded the mission of Saint 

 Fran(,ois Xavier. 



In a note attached to the original of a 

 Paris document of 1757 (N. Y. Doc. Hist., 

 I, 526, 1849) the "great Oneida village" 

 is said to be " two leagues from the Lake," 

 and that within it the English had con- 

 structed a "picket Fort with four bas- 

 tions," which however had been de- 

 stroyed by the Oneida in pursuanc^e of a 

 promise made by them to the Marquis de 

 Vaudreuil. This note adds that a second 

 Oneida village, called "the little village," 

 was situated "on the l)ank of the Lake." 



It is thus seen that the site and the name 

 have shifted from place to place, but were 

 restricted to tne valleys of Oneida cr. and 

 upper Oriskany cr. The name Canowa- 

 roghare is the modern name of the city 

 of Oneida and of the Indian settlement 

 situated about 2 m. s., in Madison co., 

 N. Y. In 1666-68 (Jes. Rel., Thwaites 

 ed., LI, 121, 1899) Father Bruyas wrote 

 that "Onneiout" was situated on an 

 eminence whence a great portion of the 



surrounding country could be seen, were 

 the environing forest cut away; that 

 "there is no river or lake, except at 5 

 leagues distant from the town;" that 

 more than half the population was com- 

 posed of "Algonquins and Hurons," and 

 that the Oneida had never spoken of 

 peace until within two years. The 

 Oneida have settlements in Canada and 

 in Wisconsin at Green Bay, but these are 

 not towns. (.i. n. b. ii. ) 



Anajot, — Schweinitz, Life of Zeisberger, .55, 1870 

 (error; Oneida, not Tusearora, town). Canawa- 

 roghare.— N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., vil, 611, 18.56. 

 Canowaroghere. — Johnson (1762), ibid., 512. 

 Dononiiote. — .les. Rel. 1646, Thwaites ed., xxix, 

 228, 1898. Enneyuttehage.— Van Curler (1634-5) 

 ill Rep. Am. Hist. Ass'n 1895, 94, 1896. Gano-a- 

 16-hale. — Beaiiciiamp, Aborig:. Place Names of 

 N. Y., 108, 1907. Onawaraghhare.— N.Y. Doc. Col. 

 Hist., vn, 101, 1856. Oneiout.— Jes. Rel. 165.5, 

 Thwaites ed., XLii, 81, 1899. Onejoust,— Paris 

 Doc. (1696) in N. Y. Doc. Hist., i, 330, 1849. One- 

 out.— Jes. Rel. 1655, Thwaites ed., xlii, 77, 1899. 

 Oneyote. — Jes. Rel., index, 1858. Onieoute. — Jes. 

 Rel., index, 1858. Onneiou. — Ibid., Thwaites ed., 

 LXVi, 187, 1900. Onneioute.— Ibid., index, 1901. 

 Onneyatte. — Van Curler (1634-5) in Rep. Am. Hist. 

 Ass'n 1895, 95, 1896. OnnieSte.— Jes. Rel. 1646, 4, 

 1858. Onnoniote. — Jes. Rel., index, 1858. Onon- 

 iiote.— Jes. Rel. 1646, 51, 18.58. Ononiote, — Jes. 

 Rel. 1647, 9, 1858. Ononjete.— Jes. Rel. 1645, 32, 

 18.58. Ononjote. — Ibid., 33. Ouneiout. — Jes. Rel., 

 Thwaites ed., LXI, 165, 1900. Ounejout.— Ibid., 

 164. Ounneiout. — Ibid., 165. Sinnekens' Castle. — 

 Van Curler (1634-5) in Rep. Am. Hist. A.ss'n 1895, 

 92, 1896. Tkano">eoha',— Hewitt, inf'n, 1907 

 (Onondaga name). Tkano°'waruha'r, — Hewitt, 

 inf'n, 1907 (Tusearora name). 



Oneidas of the Thames. A body of 

 Oneida, numbering 783 in 1906, residing 

 on a reservation of 5,271 acres on Thames 

 r., in Delaware tp., ^Middlesex co., near 

 Strathroy, Ontario. Their principal oc- 

 cupation is day labor, and a few of them 

 are good farmers. They are industrious 

 and law-abiding, and while some of them 

 are progressing well, on the whole their 

 progress is slow. 



Oneka. A Mohegan chief of Connect- 

 icut, eldest son and successor of the 

 celebrated LTncas; born about 1640, died 

 1710. In 1659, under the name Owa- 

 necco, he joined with his father and his 

 brother, Attawenhood, in deeding a 

 tract 9 m. square for the settlement of 

 the town of Norwich, Oneka signing 

 with the totem of a bird. In 1661 he 

 made an attack, with 70 men, on one of 

 Massasoit's villages, killing 3 persons and 

 taking 6 prisoners. In 1675, at the in- 

 stance of tineas, he went to Boston, with 

 two brothers and 50 warriors, to offer 

 their services to the English against the 

 Wampanoag under King Philip, which 

 were accepted, and shortly after his 

 party almost captured this noted leader. 

 In 1679 Uncas and Oneka made a grant 

 of 600 acres to the county for rebuilding 

 the jail, and two years later the General 

 Court gave its consent that Uncas should 

 deed his lands to Oneka. The latter had 

 a son named Mahomet, or Mawhomott. 



