136 



ONTPONEA OOHENOISTPA 



[b. a. b. 



And the river was ever since called after 

 this exclamation." 



Nantunagunk. — Wm. Jones, inf'n, 1905 (correct 

 form). Octonagon band. — U. S. Stat, at Large, x, 

 220, 1854 (misprint). Ontonagon band. — La Pointe 

 treaty (1854) in U. S. Ind. Treat., 224, 1873. 



Ontponea. A tribe of the Manahoac con- 

 federacy, formerly livinginOrangeco.,Va. 

 Ontponeas.— Smith (1629), Va., I, 134, repr. 1819. 

 Ontponies. — Jefferson, Notes, 134, 1794. Outpan- 

 kas.— Strachey {ea. 1612), Va., 104, 1849. Outpo- 

 nies. — Boudinot, Star in the West, 128, 1816. 



Ontwaganha. An Iroquois term, having 

 here the phonetics of the Onondaga dia- 

 lect, and freely rendered 'one utters un- 

 intelligible speech,' hence approximately 

 synonymous with 'alien,' 'foreigner.' 

 Its literal meaning is ' one rolls (or gulps) 

 his words or speech.' This epithet was 

 originally applied in ridicule of the speech 

 of the Algonquian tribes, which to Iro- 

 quois ears was uncouth, particularly to 

 the northern and western tribes of this 

 stock, the Chippewa, Ottawa, Miami or 

 Twightwigh, Missisauga, Shawnee, the 

 "Far Indians" inducting the Amikwa 

 (or Neghkariage (of two castles), the 

 Ronowadainie, Onnighsiesanairone, Sika- 

 jienatroene or "Eagle People," Tionon- 

 tati (only by temporary association with 

 the foregoing), Chickasaw (?), Mascou- 

 tens (?), Ronatewisichroone, and Awigh- 

 sachroene. Thus the term was consist- 

 ently applied to tribes dwelling in 

 widely separated localities. Sometimes, 

 but rarely, it may have been confounded 

 in use with Tsaganha (q. v.), or Agotsa- 

 ganha, which had a similar origin but 

 was applied to a different group of Al- 

 gonquian tribes. (.i. n. b. h. ) 

 AtSagannen. — Bruyas, Radices, 40, 1863 ( ' to speak 

 a foreign language ' : Mohawk name). Atwagan- 

 nen.— Bruyas as quoted bv Sliea In Hennepin, 

 Descr. La., 80, 1880. Dawaganhaes.— Letter (1695) 

 In N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., iv, 121, 1854. Dawagan- 

 has.— Doc. (1695), ibid., 123. Dewaganas.— Djid., 

 Gen. Index, 1861. Dewogannas, — Nanfan Narr. 

 (169S), ibid., IV, 407, 1854. Douaganhas.— Cortland 

 (1(J87), ibid.. Ill, 434, 1853. Douwaganhas, — Ibid. 

 Dovaganhaes.— Doc. (1691), ibid., 778. Dowagan- 

 haas.— Livingston (1700), ibid., iv, 648, 1,S54. Do- 

 waganhaes, — Doc. (1693), ibid., 23. Dowaganhas. — 

 Cortland, op. cit. Dowaganhoes. — N. Y. Doc. Col. 

 Hist., Gen. Index, 1861. Dowanganhaes. — Doc. 

 (1691), ibid., in, 776, 18.53. Hontouagaha.— Henne- 

 pin, Descr. La., 80, 1880. Houtouagaha.— Henne- 

 pin, New Discov., 59, 1698 (for Ontwaganha; proba- 

 bly Shawnee). Onkoiiagannha. — Jes. Rel. 1670, 

 5, 18.58. Ontoagannha.— Lalement (1661-63) in 

 Jes. Rel., Thwaites ed., XLVii, 145, 1899. Optoa- 

 gaunha.— Jes. Rel. 1662, 2, 1858. Ontoouaganha.— 

 MS. 1679 in Jes. Rel., Thwaites ed., Lxi, 27, 1900. 

 Ontouagannha.— Le Mercier (1670) in Jes. Rel., 

 Thwaitesed.,Liii, 48,1899. OntSagannha.— Jes. Rel. 

 1660, 7, 1858 ( = "Nation du Feu"). Ontouagenn- 

 ha.— Jes. Rel. 1692, 25, 1858. Ontwagannha.— Shea, 

 Cath. Miss., 285, 1855. Takahagane.— La Salle (1682) 

 in Margry, D6c., ll, 197, 1877. Taogarias.— Senex, 

 Map N. Am., 1710. Taogria.— Gravier (1701) 

 quoted by Shea, Early Voy., 124, 1861(=Shaw- 

 nee: evidently another form for Ontwaganha). 

 Toagenha.— Gallinee (1670) in Margry, D6c., i, 130, 

 1875. Toaguenha.— Ibid., 136. Tongarois.— La 

 Harpe (17031 in French, Hist. Coll. La., iii, 30, 

 1851. Tongorias.— Rafinesque in Marshall, Ky., i, 

 introd., 34, 1824. Touagannha.— Jes. Rel. 1670, 

 in, 30, 76, 1858. Touguenhas.— Gallinee (1670) in 

 Margry, Dec, I, 133, 1875. Towaganha.— Message 



of 1763 in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., VII, 544, 1856. 

 Twa"ga'ha', — Hewitt, inf'n, 1907 (Seneca form). 

 Waganhaers.— Doc. (1699) in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., 

 IV, 565, 1854. Waganhaes.— Livingston (1700), 

 ibid. , 691. Wagannes, — Schuyler and Claese ( 1701 ) , 

 ibid., 891. Wahannas.— Romer (1700), ibid., 799. 



Onuatuc. An Algonquian village in 

 1608 on the e. bank of Patuxent r. in 

 Calvert co., Md. The inhabitants were 

 probably afterward merged with the Co- 

 noy. 



Onnatuck.— Bozman, Md., 1, 141, 1837. Onuatuck.— 

 Smith (1629), Va., I, map, repr. 1819. 



Onuganuk. A Chnagmiut Eskimo vil- 

 lage at the Kwikluak mouth of the Yu- 

 kon, Alaska. 



Onug-anugemut.— Dall, Alaska, 264, 1870. 



Onugareclury. A Cayuga village located 

 on Kitchin's map of 1756 between Cayuga 

 and Seneca lakes, N. Y. Other towns were 

 mentioned there a little earlier, but their 

 names do not resemble this. (w. m. b. ) 



Onwarenhiiaki. See WUlia7ns, Elcazer. 



Onyanti. See Oneyana. 



Onyx. See Marble. 



Oochukham {Oo-chu¥ -ham) . Given by 

 Morgan (Anc. Soc, 172, 1877) as a sub- 

 clan of the Delawares, and said to mean 

 ' ground-scratcher.' 



Oohenonpa ( ' two boilings ' ) . A division 

 of the Teton Sioux, commonly known as 

 Two Kettle Sioux, or Two Kettles; also a 

 subdivision thereof. No mention of it is 

 made by Lewis and Clark, Long, or other 

 earlier explorers. It is stated in a note 

 to De Smet's Letters (1843) that the T)and 

 was estimated at 800 persons. Culbertson 

 (1850) estimated them at 60 lodges, but 

 gives no locality and says they have no di- 

 visions. Gen. Warren (1856) found them 

 much scattered among other bands and 

 numbering about 100 lodges. Cumming 

 (Rep. Ind. Aff. for 1856) places them on 

 the s. side of the Missouri. Hayden(1862) 

 says they passed up and down Cheyenne 

 r. as far as Cherry cr. and Moreau and 

 Grand rs., not uniting with other bands. 

 Their principal chief then was Matotopa, 

 or Four Bears, a man of moderate capacity 

 but exercising a good influence on his 

 people. They lived entirely on the 

 plains, seldom going to war, and ^^;ere 

 good hunters and shrewd in their deal- 

 ings with the traders. They treated with 

 respect white men who came among them 

 as traders or visitors. They were on the 

 warpath in 1866 at the time of the Ft 

 Phil. Kearney massacre, yet it is not cer- 

 tain that they took an active part in this 

 attack. By treaty made at Ft Sully, Dak . , 

 on Oct. 19, 1865, they agreed to cease 

 attacking whites or Indians except in 

 self defense and to settle permanently 

 on designated lands. This treaty was 

 signed on their behalf by chiefs Chatan- 

 skah ( White Hawk) , Shonkahwakkonke- 

 deshkah (Spotted Horse), Mahtotopah 

 (Four Bears), and others, and was faith- 

 fully observed by them unless they were 



