156 



OROYSOM OSAGE 



[b. a. k. 



Indian and his almost lifelong companion, 

 survived him a few years. Orono had a 

 son, who was accidently shot about 1774, 

 aged 25 years; and a daughter who mar- 

 ried Capt. Nickolar. Orono was buried 

 in the cemetery at Stillwater, Penobscot 

 CO., Me., in the vicinity of the town that 

 bears his name. (c. t. ) 



Oroysom. Said to have been the native 

 name of the site of San Jose mission, Cal. 

 The territory was Costanoan. 

 Oroysom.— Kngelhardt, Franc, in Cal., 390, 1897. 

 Oroyson. — Ibid. 



Osacalis. A Costanoan village situated 

 in 1819 within 10 m. of Santa Cruz mis- 

 sion, Cal. 



Osacalis.— Taylor in Cal. Farmer, Apr. 5, 1860. 

 Souquel. — Ibid. 



Osachile. An inland town of w. Florida, 

 apparently belonging to the Yustaga tribe, 

 situated probably not far e. from Ocilla r., 

 and visited by De Soto in 1539. ( j. m. ) 



ever, and the Osage recognize three 

 more closely amalgamated divisions 

 which seem, from the traditional account 

 of them, to represent as many formerly 

 independent tribes. According to this 

 account, as gathered by J. O. Dorsey, the 

 beings which ultimately became men 

 originated in the lowest of the four upper 

 worlds which Osage cosmology postulates 

 and ascended to the highest where they 

 obtained souls. Then they descended 

 until they came to a red-oak tree on 

 which the lowest world rests and by its 

 branches reached our earth. They were 

 divided into two sections, the Tsishu, or 

 peace people, who kept to the left, living 

 on roots, etc. ; and the Wazhazhe ( true 

 Osage) , or war people, who kept to the 

 right and killed animals for their food. 

 Later these two divisions exchanged com- 

 modities, and after some time the Tsishu 



jUP OF OSAGE. 



Ossachile.— Giirrilasso de la Vega (1591) quoted 

 fa.v Shipp, De Soto and Florida, 299, 1881. TTpa- 

 chile. — Ranjel (ca. 1546) in Bourne, De SotoNarr., 

 II, 73, 1904. TTzachil.— Gentl. of Elvaa (1557) in 

 French, Hist. Coll. La., ii, 133, 1850. TJzela.— 

 Gentl. of Elvas quoted in Hakhiyt Soc. Pub., ix, 

 xxxii, 1851. 



Osage (corruption by French traders of 

 WazJiazJie, their own name). The most 

 important southern Siouan tribe of the 

 western division. Dorsey classed them, 

 under the name Dhegiha, in one group 

 with the Omaha, Ponca, Kansa, and Qua- 

 paw, with whom they are supposed to 

 have originally constituted a single body 

 living along the lower course of the 

 Ohio r. 



Geographically speaking, the tribe con- 

 sists of three bands: the Pahatsi or Great 

 Osage, Utsehta or Little Osage, and Sant- 

 sukhdhi or Arkansas band. These ap- 

 pear to be comparatively modern, how- 



tl MlBl ifT TIiT l irni ll l i ll i Ml l l ^MllllMMr- .i 



(eleventh census) 



people came into possession of four kinds 

 of corn and four kinds of pumpkins, 

 which fell from the left hind legs of as 

 many different buffaloes. Still later the 

 tribe came upon a very warlike people 

 called Hangka-utadhantse, who lived on 

 animals, and after a time the Tsishu peo- 

 ple succeeded in making peace with 

 them, when they were taken into the 

 nation on the war side. Originally there 

 were seven Tsishu gentes, seven Wazh- 

 azhe gentes, and seven Hangka gentes, 

 but, in order to maintain an equilibrium 

 between the war and peace sides after 

 adopting the Hangka, the number of 

 their gentes was reduced to five and the 

 number of Wazhazhe gentes to two. In 

 camping the Tsishu gentes are on the left 

 or N. side of the camping circle, and the 

 Hangka or Wazhazhe gentes on the right 

 or s. side, the entrance to the circle being 



