158 



OSAGE 



[b. a. e. 



of the Great Osage under a chief named 

 Big-track migrated to Arkansas r., thus 

 constituting the Arkansas band. The 

 same explorers (1804) found the Great 

 Osage, numbering about 500 warriors, in 

 a village on the s. bank of Osage r., the 

 Little Osage, nearly half as numerous, 

 6 m. distant, and the Arkansas band, 

 numbering 600 warriors, on Vermilion r., 

 a branch of the Arkansas. 



On Nov. 10, 1808, by a treaty with the 

 United States concluded at Ft Clark, 

 Kans., near Kansas City, Mo., the Osage 

 ceded to the United States all their lands 

 E. of a line running due s. from Ft Clark 

 to Arkansas r., and also all of their 

 lands w. of Missouri r. , the whole com- 

 prising the larger part of what is now 

 the state of Missouri and the n. part of 

 Arkansas. The territory remaining to 

 them, all of the present state of Okla- 

 homa N. of Canadian and Arkansas rs., 

 was still further reduced by the provisions 

 of treaties at St Louis, June 2, 1825; Ft 

 Gibson, Ind. T., Jan. 11, 1839; and Can- 

 ville, Kans., Sept. 29, 1865; and the lim- 

 its of their present reservation were estab- 

 lished by act of Congress of Julv 15, 1870. 

 This_ consisted (1906) of 1,470,058 acres, 

 and in addition the tril)e possessed funds 

 in the Treasury of the United States 

 amounting to $8,562,690, including a 

 school fund of $119,911, the whole yield- 

 ing an annual income of $428,134. Their 

 incojne from' pasturage leases amounted 

 to $98,376 in the same year, and their 

 total annual income was therefore about 

 $265 per capita, making this tribe the 

 richest in the entire United States. By 

 act (if June 28, 1906, an equal division of 

 the lands and funds of the Osage was 

 provided for. 



Estimates of Osage population later 

 than that of Lewis and Clark are the fol- 

 lowing: Sibley, 1,250 men (including 400 

 Great Osage, 250 Little Osage, and 600 of 

 the Arkansas band); Morse (1821), 5,200 

 (including 4,200 Great Osage and 1,000 

 Little Osage) ; Porter (1829), 5,000; U. S. 

 Indian Office (1843), 4,102; Schoolcraft 

 (1853), 3,758 (exclusive of an important 

 division known as Black Dog's band). 

 According to the Indian Office census of 

 1877, they numbered 3,001; in 1884, 1,547; 

 1886, 1,582; 1906 (after the division of 

 the tribal lands and trust funds had been 

 provided for), 1,994. 



The following villages were occupied by 

 the Osage at different times: Big Chief, 

 Black Dog, Heakdhetanwan, Intapup- 

 she, Khdhasiukdhin, LittleOsage Village, 

 Manhukdhintanwan, Nanzewaspe, Nikh- 

 dhitanwan, Pasukdhin, Paghuukdhinpe, 

 Santsepasu, Santsukdhin, Takdheskaut- 

 siupshe, Tanwakanwakaghe, Tanwan- 

 shinka, Wakhakukdhin, and White Hair 

 Village. The following bands and divi- 

 sions have not been identified: Shapei- 



nihkashina, Petkhaninihkashina, and 

 Tatseinihkashina. (.j. r. s. ) 



A-ha-chae. — Hamilton in Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, 

 IV, -106, 1854. A'laho.— Mooney in 17th Rep. B. 

 A. E., 394, 1898. Anahons.— La Harpe (1719) in 

 Margry, Dec, vi, 261, 1886 (probable misprint for 

 Anahou). Anahous.— Ibid., 284. Ani'-Wasa'si.— 

 Mooney in 19th Rep. B. A. E., 509, 1900 (Cherokee 

 name). Annaho.—.Iontel( 1687) in Margry, Dee., in, 

 410, 1878. Assenjigun. — Schoolcraft, Ind.Tribes.i V, 

 304, 1854 (error). Assigunaigs.— Ibid., 592 (error; 

 see Asseguii). Autrechaha.— Thevenot quoted by 

 Shea,Discov., 268, 1852. Bonelndians.-Schoolcraft, 

 Ind. Tribes, iv, 592, 1854. Crevas.— Iberville (1702) 

 in Margry, D^c, IV, 599, 1880 (misprint). Guasa- 

 chis.— Escudero, Noticias Nuevo Mex., 83, 1849. 

 Huashashas. — Rafinesqne in Marshall, Ky., I, 

 28, 1824. Huzaas. — Long, Exped. Rocky Mts., ii, 

 311,1823. Huz-zau.— Penicaut (1719) in French, 

 Hist. Coll. La., n. s., l, 151, 1869. Huz-zaws.— 

 Long, Exped. Rocky Mts., ii, 2-14, 1823. Ofages.— 

 Barcia, Ensayo, 242, 1723. Orages.— Coxe, Caro- 

 lana, 1,5, 1741. Osage. — Hennepin, NewDiscov.,pt. 

 1, 141, 1698. Osarge. — Orig. Jour. Lewis and Clark 

 (1804), I, 36,1904. Osasi'gi.— Gatschet, Shawnee 

 MS., B. A. E. (Shawnee name). 0-saw-ses. — 

 Long, Exped. Rocky Mts., ii, 244, 1823. Osayes.— 

 Morse, N. Am., map, 1776 (misprint?). Osedshi 

 maWaks.— Gatschet, MS.. B. A. E. (Modoc name). 

 Ossage.— Schermerhorn (1812) in Mass. Hist. Soc. 

 Coll., 2d s., II, 31, 1814. Ouasoys.— Croghan ( 17.59) 

 in Rupp.West. Penna., 146, note, 1846. Ouchage. — 

 Marquette map (1673) in Shea, Discov., 268, 1852. 

 Ouichaatcha. — Bowles, Map of America, ca. 1750. 

 Ous.— Penicaut ( 1719) in French, Hist. Coll. La., n. 

 s., I, 151, 1869. Ousasons. — Boudinot, Star in the 

 West, 128, 1816. Ousasoys.— (Tiighan (17.59) in Jef- 

 ferson, Notes, 145, 1825 (probably a French corrup- 

 tion of Washa.she). 0-iixtxitan".— Gatschet, Chey- 

 enne MS.. B.A. E. Chair cropped short': Cheyenne 

 name). Ozages. — Hennepin, New Discov., pt. ii, 

 47, 1698. Ozajes. — Barcia, Ensayo, 298, 1723. 

 Ozanges.— Hennepin, New Discov.. pt. n. 47, 169S. 

 Ozas.— Amer. Pioneer, ii, 190, 1S43. Tsiwiltzha-e.— 

 Gatschet, Na-isha Apache MS., B. A. E. (Kiowa 

 Apache name). TJzajes. — Barcia, En.savo, 299, 

 172:3. Waoaoe.— Dorsey.Osage MS.vocab., B. A. E., 

 1883 (own name). Wahashas. — Rafinesquein Mar- 

 shall, Hist. Ky.,i, 30, 1824. Wahsash.— Keane in 

 Stanford, Compend., 542, 1878. Wajaje. — Dorsev, 

 fegiha MS. Diet., B. A. E., 1878 (Ponca, Omaha, 

 Kansa.andQuapawname). Waraye. — Ibid. (Iowa, 

 Oto, and Missouri name). Wasaazj.— ten Kate, 

 Reizen in N. A., 383, 1885. Wasage.— Hunter, Cap- 

 tivitv, 18, 1823. Wasashe. — Brackenridge, Views 

 of La., 72, 1815. WS'sassa.— Gatschet, MS., B. 

 A. E. (name given by Foxes and many 

 other tribes). Wasawsee. — Gale, Upper Miss., 

 map facing 49, 1867. Wasbasha. — Lewis and 

 Clark Exped., l. 9, 1814. Washas.— Balbi, Atlas 

 Ethnog., .56, 1826. "Wa-sha-she— Pitchlvnn (ra. 

 1828) quoted by Smith, Cabcva de Vaca, 171, 

 note, 1871. Washbashaws. — Schoolcraft, Ind. 

 Tribes, vi, 689, 18-57. Wash-sashe -— Marcy, Explor. 

 Red R., 273, 18.54 ( Comanche and Wichita name). 

 "Wassash.— Gatschet, Arapaho MS., B. A. E. (Ara- 

 paho name). Wassashsha.— Brown, West. Gaz., 

 193, 1817. Wausashe.— Gallatin in Trans. Am. 

 Antiq. Soc, 11,126,1836. Wa-wha.— P6nicaut(1719) 

 in French, Hist. Coll. La.,n.s., l,151, 1869. Waw- 

 sash,— Balbi, AtlasEthnog., 66, 1826. Waw-sash-e.— 

 Long, Exped. Rocky Mts., l, 328, 1823. Wazaza.— 

 Riggs, MS. letter to Dorsey (Dakota name). 

 Wa-zha-zhe. — Dorsey in Am. Naturalist, 113, 

 note, Feb. 1884. Wos-sosh-e.— M'Coy, Annual Reg- 

 ister, no. 2, 17, 1836. Wu-sa-si. — Grayson, MS. 

 vocab., B. A. E.,1885 (Creek name). Zages.— Har- 

 ris, Coll. Voy. and Trav., i, map of America, 685, 

 1705. 



Osage. A former Miami village on 

 Wabash r., just w. of the Mississinewa, in • 

 Miami co., Ind. It was so called from 

 its being the residence of an Osage Indian 

 domiciliated among the Miami, and 

 whose name appears in treaties as Osage 

 and Osage the Neutral (J. P. Dunn, inf'n, 

 1907). In 1838 the site was included in 



