166 



OTO OTOACTE 



Lb. a. e. 



were on Platte r. near its mouth. In the 

 latter j-ear they consisted of 4 villages. 

 In 1880 a part of the tribe removed to the 

 lands of the Sauk and Fox Indians in In- 

 dian Ter., and in 1882 the remainder left 

 their home in Nebraska and went to the 

 same reservation. 



The Oto tribe has never been impor- 

 tant, their history being little more than 

 an account of their struggles to defend 

 themselves against their more powerful 

 enemies, and of their migrations. That 

 they were not noted for their military 

 prowess, notwithstanding Long's state- 

 ment of the deeds of bravery of some of 

 their warriors, seems evident from their 

 inability to cope with their enemies, 

 although, according to Lewis and Clark, 

 they were once "a powerful nation." 

 They were cultivators of the soil, and it 

 was on this account, and because they 

 were said to be industrious, that Le Sueur 

 wished them and the Iowa to settle near 

 his fort. Lewis and Clark speak of those 

 they saw, at or near Council Bluffs, as 

 almost naked, having no covering except 

 a sort of breechcloth, with a loose blanket 

 or painted buffalo robe thrown over their 

 shoulders. Their permanent villages con- 

 sisted of large earthen lodges similar to 

 those of the Kansa and C)maha; when 

 traveling they found shelter in skin tipis. 

 One of their musical instruments was a 

 stick notched like a saw, over the teeth 

 of which a smaller stick was rubbed 

 forcibly backward and forward. 



The Oto and Missouri made a treaty of 

 peace with the United States, June 24, 

 1817. They joined with other tribes in the 

 treaty of Prairie du Chien, Wis., July 15, 

 1830, l)y which were ceded all rights to 

 lands E. of Missouri r. up to the mouth of 

 Big Sioux r. B v the treaties of Oto village, 

 Nebr., Sept. 21, 1833; Bellevue, Nebr., Oct. 

 15, 1836; Washington, Mar. 15, 1854, and 

 Nebraska City, Nebr., Dec. 9, 1854, they 

 ceded to the United States all their lands 

 except their reservation on Big Bluer., 

 Nebr. Here they remained until about 

 1882, when, with the Missouri, they were 

 removed to Indian Ter. and placed under 

 the Ponca, Pawnee, Oto, and Oakland 

 agency. Their reserve contained 129,113 

 acres. 



Morgan gives the Oto and Missouri 

 gentes together, as follows: Mejeraja 

 (Wolf), Mooncha (Bear), Ahrowha 

 (Cow Buffalo), Hooma (Elk), Khaa 

 ( Eagle ) , Luteja ( Pigeon ) , Waka ( Snake ) , 

 Makotch (Owl). Dorsey obtained the fol- 

 lowing list of Oto gentes: Patha ( Beaver) , 

 Tunanpi (Black Bear) or Munchirache, 

 Arukhwa (Buffalo), Rukhcha (Pigeon), 

 Makache (Owl), Wakan (Snake), Che- 

 ghita ( Eagle) . 



Lewis and Clark gave their number in 

 1805 as 500; Catlin, in 1833 (including 

 the Missouri), as 1,200; Burrows, in 1849, 



900; the Indian Report of 1843 (includ- 

 ing the Missouri), as 931. In 1862 the 

 two tribes numbered 708; in 1867, 511; in 

 1877, 457; in 1886, 334; in 1906, 390. 



Anthoutantas. — Hennepin, NewDiscov., 132, 1698. 

 Authontantas. — Shea, Early Voy., 101, note. 1861. 

 Che-wsE-rae. — Hamilton in Trans. Neb. State Hist. 

 Soc, I, 75, 1885 (own name). Hoctatas. — Le Sueui 



(1700) in Margry, Dec, vi, 91, 1886. Hotos.— 

 Bourgmont (1724), ibid., 396. Houatoctotas.— Bien- 

 ville ( 1721) , ibid.', 386. Huasiotos.— Ilaflnesqne in 

 Marshall, Kv., i, introd., 28, 1824. Huatoctas. — 

 Ibid. La Zoto.— Lewis and Clark, Discov., 14, 1806. 

 Mactotatas. — Jefferys, French Dom. Am., pt. 1, 

 l;?9, 1761. Malatautes. — McKenney and Hall, Ind. 

 Tribes, in, 82, 1854. Matokatagi.— Gatsehet, MS., 

 B. A. E. (.'^hawnee name). Matontenta. — La Salle 

 Exped. (1680) in Margry, Dec, ii, 95, 1877. Mato- 

 tantes. — Hennepin, New Discov., ii, 47,1698. Ma- 

 toutenta.— La Salle (1682) in Margry, Dec, I, 487, 



1876. Metotonta. — Hennepin, New Discov., ii, 309, 

 1698. Motantees.— La Metairie (1682) in French, 

 Hist. Coll. La.. II, 25, 1875. Motutatak.— Gatschet, 

 MS., B. A. E. ( Fox name). Octata. — Del'Isle, map 



(1701) in Neill, Hist. Minn., 1858. Octoctatas.— 

 Iberville (1702) in Margry, Dc'C, iv, 598, 1880. Octo- 

 lacto. — Adelung, Mithridates, in, 271, 1816. Octo- 

 latas. — Jelfervs (1763), Am. Atlas, map 5, 1776. 

 Octootatas.— Minn. Hist. Coll., i (1850-66). 342, 1872. 

 Octotales. — McKenney and Hall, Ind. Tribes, iii, 

 82, 1854. Octotas.— Doc. of 1701 in Margry, Dec, 

 IV, 5S7, 1880. Octotata.— De I'lsle, map of La. 

 (1701) in Neill, Hist. Minn., 1858. Octotota.— • 

 Vaugondy, Map, 1778. Olio's. — Brackenridge, 

 Viewsof La., 70, 1815. Ontotonta. — Cavalier (1687) 

 in Shea, Early Voy., 28, 1861. Otenta.— Hennepin, 

 New Discov., map, 1698. Ote-toe.— Donaldson in 

 Smithson. Rep. 1885, ii, Catlin Gallery, 75, 1886. 

 Otheues.— McKenney and Hall, Ind. Tribes, in, 

 80, 1854. Otho.— Bdurgmont (1723) in Margry, D6c, 

 VI, 402, 1886. Othoe.— Smithson. INlisc. Coll., XIV, 

 art. 6, 29, 1867. Othonez.— Dunbar in Mag. Am. 

 Hist., IV, 248, 1880. Othoues.— .Tefferys, French 

 Dom. Am., pt. 1, 139, 1761. Othouez.— Le Page du 

 Pratz, Hist., ii, 251, 1758. Othoves.— Alcedo, Die. 

 Geog., Ill, 410, 1788. Otoctatas.— Le Sueur (1700) 

 in Neill, Hist. Minn., 162, 1858. Otoctotas— Margry, 

 Dec, vi, 396, 1886. Otoe.— Irving, Sketches, 10,1835. 

 Otoetata.— Long, Exped. St Peter's R., ii,320, 1824. 

 Otontanta. — Marquette, autograph map, 1673, 

 in Shea, Discov. Miss., 1852. Otopplata.— Margry, 

 D6c. VI, 747, 1886 (misprint). Otoptata.— Bruy^re 

 (1742), ibid., 449. Ototantas.— Margry, Dt>c, ll, 191, 



1877. Ototata.—Crepv, Carte de r Am. S^pt. Otou- 

 tanta.— La Salle (1682) in Margry, D6e., ii, 215, 1877. 

 Otoutantas Paote.— Margry, ibid., 249. Otto.— 

 Arrowsmith, Map, 1795. Ottoas.— McKenney in 

 Ind. AfF. Rep., 90, 1825. Ottoes.— Lewis and 

 Clark, Discov., 14, 1806. Ottoos.— Schermerhorn 

 (1812) in Mass. Hist. Coll., 2d. s., ii, 10, 1814. 

 Otto's.— Ibid. Ottotatocs.— Du Lac, Voy. dans les 

 Louisianes, vii, 1805. Ottotatoes.— Du Lac (1802), 

 ibid., map. Ottowas. — Hunter, Captivity, '24, 18'23. 

 Otutaches.— Adelung, Mithridates, in, 271, 1816. 

 Outantes.— Harris, Coll. Voy. and Trav., I, map, 

 685, 1705. Outentontes.— Coxe, Carolana, map, 1741. 

 Toctata.— IlM.Tville (1702) in Margry, D6c.,iv,601, 

 1880. Wa'/iitada.— Dorsey in Cont. N. A. Ethnol., 

 VI, pt. 1 420, 1892 (Omaha and Ponca name). 

 Wad-doke-tah-tah.— Lewis and Clark, Discov., 14, 

 1806. ■Wa-dook-to-da.— Brackenridge, Viewsof La., 

 75, 1815. Wa-do-tan.— Long, Exped. Rocky Mts., 

 I, 338, 1823. 'Wadotata.— Dorsey, Kansa MS. vocab., 

 B. A. E., 1882 (Kansa name). 'Wagh-toch-tat-ta.— 

 Maximilian, Trav., 507, 1843. Wah-teh-ta-na.— 

 Long, Exped. Rocky Mts., i, 338, 1823. "Wahtoh- 

 tanes.— Keane in Stanford, Compend., 542, 1878. 

 Wahtohtata.— Long. Exped. Rocky Mts., i, 338, 

 1823. "Wah-tok-ta-ta.— Ibid^, li, Ixxx. "Wah-tooh 

 tah-tah.— Ibid., 363. Washo'xla.— Gatschet, Kaw 

 MS. vocab., B. A. E., '27, 1878 (Kansa name). 

 WatoHtata.— Dorsev, Tciwere MS. vocab., B. A. E., 

 1879 ( Dakota name"). "Watota.— Ibid. (own name). 

 ■Wa^utata.— Dorsey, Osage MS. vocab., B. A. E.,1883 

 Osage (name). 



Otoacte, A former village, presumably 

 Costanoan, connected with Dolores mis- 



