BULL. 30] 



OWAISKI OYAK 



177 



son root (tobacco root) in the same way 

 (Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, vi, 697, 1857; 

 Maximilian, Trav., 252, 1843); the Kut- 

 chin cooked roots in the same fashion, 

 and even the Alaskan Eskimo roasted 

 roots of the wild parsnip in underground 

 ovens. Some tribes, as the Pawnee, Ka- 

 rankawa, and Sioux, simply roasted 

 small portions of corn and meat in ashes; 

 and the Yuma, Zuni, and others encase 

 a dead rat or a rabbit in clay and then 

 put the ball in the fire until the meat is 

 roasted. 



The Pueblos carried the art of cooking 

 in pit ovens much farther than any other 

 Indians. They had large community 

 ovens consisting of a bottle-shaped cav- 

 ity excavated in the ground and provided 

 with a draft-hole; in these great quanti- 

 ties of green corn ears are roasted. Sim- 

 ilar ovens, 12 to 15 ft in diameter, 

 found among the ancient ruins of the 

 Salt River valley in Arizona, show the 

 effect of great heat; the Apache employ 

 such ovens for roasting maguey. Small 

 family ovens with draft hole, and others 

 consisting merely of a jar set in the 

 ground and covered with a stone, are 

 still used by the Hopi. These are heated 

 with a fire of twigs; a jar of mush is set 

 in them, the orifice of the oven covered 

 with a stone luted down with clay, and 

 a fire built over the top and kept burning 

 for about 12 hours. The Zufii had such 

 ovens lined with stone slabs but without 

 draft hole, and also a pit oven in which 

 mush was baked between slabs of heated 

 stones. The dome-shape ovens of stone 

 plastered with clay are in common use 

 among the Pueblos (except the Hopi), 

 and the Mexicans of the Southwest, but 

 this form of cooking apparatus was intro- 

 duced from Spain by way of Mexico. 

 Some of the Pueblos had an oven cult, 

 in Zuni represented by the demon in- 

 spector of ovens. See Food. 



Consult Boas in Proc. Brit. A. A. S. 

 1890, 15, 1891; Chesnut in Cont. Nat. 

 Herb., vii, no. 3, 1902; Gushing in The 

 Millstone, ix, 1884; Coville in Am. 

 Anthrop., v, 354, 1892; Dixon in Bull. 

 Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., xvii, pt. 3, 1905; 

 Gibbs in Cont. N. A. Ethnol., i, 194, 

 1877; Goddard in Univ. Cal. Pub., 

 Am. Arch<eol. and Ethnol., i, no. 1, 

 1903; Hudson in Am. Anthrop., ii, 775, 

 1900; Loskiel, Hist. Miss. United Breth., 

 pt. 1, 108-9, 1794; Maximilian, Travels, 

 252, 1843; Mindeleff in 8th Rep. B. A. K, 

 1891; Morice in Proc. Canadian Inst., 

 135, Oct. 1889; Powers in Cont. N. A. 

 Ethnol., 111,49-50, 89, 150, 1877; School- 

 craft, Ind. Tribes, vi, 697, 1857; Smith, 

 Works, Arber ed., 1884. ( w.h. ) 



Owaiski. A former Seneca village near 

 the site of Wiscoy, on the w. bank of 

 Genesee r., in Allegany co., N. Y. 



Hishhue.— Procter (1791) in Am. State Papers, Ind. 

 Aff., I, 158, 1832. Ohhisheu.— Procter, ibid., 1.52. 

 O-wa-is'-ki. — Morgan, League Iroq., 4t)7, 1851. 



Owasse ( 'bear' ). A i)hratry and also a 

 subphratry or gens of the Menominee. 

 Owa'sse wi'dishi'anun. — Hoffman in l-lth Rep. B. 

 A. E., 42, 1896 (wi'dishi'aiian='-phTa.tTy') . 



Owassissas. A former Seminole town 

 on an e. branch of St Marks r., x. w. Fla. ; 

 pop. 100 in 1822.— Morse, Rep. to Sec. 

 War, 364, 1822. 



Owego. A former town with a mixed 

 population, under Cayuga jurisdiction, 

 situated on the right bank of Owego cr., 

 about 2 m. from the Susquehanna, in 

 Tioga CO., N. Y. In 1779 the village con- 

 sisted of about 20 houses, which were 

 burned by Gen. Poor of Sullivan's army, 

 Aug. 20 of that year. (,j. n. b. h. ) 



Awegen. — Esnauts and Rapilly Map, 1777. Owa- 

 go. — Livermore (1779) in N. H. Hist. Soc. Coll., 

 VI, 322, 1850. Owege.— Map of 1768 in N. Y. 

 Doc. Col. Hist., vni, 1857. Owegey.— Guy Park 

 conf. (1775), ibid., 561. Owegi. — Giissefeld Map, 

 1784. Owego.— Johnson Hall conf. (1765) in N. Y. 

 Doc. Col. Hist., vn, 728, 1856. Owegy.— Homann 

 Heirs Map, 1756. Oweigey. — Mt Johnson conf. 

 (17.55) in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., VI, 984, 1855. 



Owendos ('an island', or possibly for 

 Ouendat, 'Hurons'). A village marked 

 on early maps on the headwaters of 

 Tuscarawas or Beaver cr., in Ohio or 

 Pennsylvania. 



Ovvendoes.— Alcedo, Die. Geog., iii, 274, 1788. 

 Owendoes. — Esnauts and Rapilly Map, 1777. 

 Owendos. — Homann Heirs Map, 1756. 



Owhyhee. Mentioned by Ross (Fur 

 Hunters, i, 83, 130, 1855), with Iroquois 

 and Abnaki, as if the name of an Indian 

 tribe, members of which formed a party 

 of voyageurs on Columbia r., Oregon. 

 The name however, is simply an early 

 form of Hawaii, Kanakas having made 

 their influence felt on the N. W. coast in 

 the early half of the 19th century and 

 later. The name, spelled Owyhee, sur- 

 vives as that of a river in Nevada, Ore- 

 gon, and Idaho, and a range of moun- 

 tains, a county, and a postoffice in the 

 state last mentioned. See Hawaiian in- 

 fluenre. 



Owiyekumi {Ov/-'i-ye-kami). The prin- 

 cipal town of the Quatsino on Forward 

 inlet, Quatsino sd., n. w. coast of Van- 

 couver id. — Dawson in Trans. Roy. Soc. 

 Can. for 1887, sec. ii, 65, 1888. 



Owl's Town. A former village, prob- 

 ably of the Delawares, on Mohican r. in 

 Coshocton CO., Ohio. — Hutchins map in 

 Smith, Bouquet's Exped., 1766. 



Oxidoddy. An Indian name, of uncer- 

 tain origin, preserved by herbalists and 

 " herb doctors " for black-root, Culver'.s- 

 root, or Culver's-physic, Vei'onica virgin- 

 ica. - (w. R. G.) 



Oyak. A Kuskwogmiut Eskimo village 

 on the E. shore of Kuskokwim bay, 

 Alaska, just n. of the mouth of Kanek- 

 tok r. 



Oyagamut. — Spnrr and Post quoted by Baker, 

 Geog. Diet. Alaska, 1902. 



.3456— Bull. 30, 1 )t. 2— 07 



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