200 



PANQUECHIN PAPAGO 



[b. a. e. 



lage on Deer cr., near Anthony House, 

 Nevada co., Cal. (r. b. d. ) 



Panpacans. — Powers in Overland Mo., xii,420, 1874. 

 Pan'-pa-kan. — Powers in Cont. N. A. Ethnol., in, 

 282, 1877. 



Panquechin. A band of Sanetch in the 

 s. E. part of Vancouver id.; pop. 64 in 

 1906. 



Panquechin.— Can. Ind. Aff. Rep., 66, 1902. Pauk- 

 wechin.— Ibid., 308, 18V9. 



Panthe. A former Choctaw town, noted 

 in 1775 by Romans, by whom it was 

 erroneously located, its position having 

 evidently been transposed with that of 

 Coosha (q. v.). It was at the head of 

 Ponta cr., Lauderdale co., JNIiss. This 

 town and Coosha were collectively 

 known as the Coosha towns. — Halbert in 

 Pub. Miss. Hist. Soc, vi, 416, 1902. 

 Paonte.— Romans, Florida, 308, 1775. 



Paor. A province on the e. side of 

 ancient Florida, near Chicora; seen by 

 Ayllon in 1520. — Barcia, Ensayo, 5, 1723. 



Paouites. An unidentified tribe, living 

 probably in Texas in 1690, said to be at 

 war with the inhabitants of Toho or Teao 

 village. Mentioned in the testimony con- 

 cerning the death of La Salle, by the 

 French captives, Pierre and Jean Talion. 

 See Margry, Dec, iii, 612, 1878. 



Lemerlauans. — Ibid. 



Papago (from papah 'beans', dotam 

 ' people ' : ' beansmen, ' ' bean-people ' 

 (Kino, 1701, in Doc. Hist. Mex., 4th s., 

 I, 360, 1856; McGee in Coville and Mac- 

 dougal, Des. Bot. Lab. , 1903 ) ; hence Span. 

 Frijoleros. Thenameis often erroneously 

 connectedwith 'cut-hair, "baptized, 'etc.). 

 A Piman tribe, closely allied to the Pima, 

 whose original home was the territory s. 

 and s. E. of Gila r., especially s. of Tucson, 

 Ariz., in the main and tributary valleys 

 of the Rio Santa Cruz, and extending w. 

 and s. w. across the desert waste known 

 as the Papagueria, into Sonora, INIexico. 

 From San Xavier del Bac to Quitovaquita, 

 one of their w^esternmost rancherias, it is 

 about 120 m., and this may be considered 

 as the extent of the settlements in the 

 17th and 18th centuries, during which 

 period, owing to the inhospitality of their 

 habitat, they were less inclined to village 

 life than the Pima. Like the latter, the 

 Papago subsist by agriculture, maize, 

 beans, and cotton formerly being their 

 chief crops, which they cultivated by 

 means of irrigation; but many desert 

 plants also contribute to their food supply, 

 especially mesquite, the beans of which 

 are eaten, and the saguaro, pitahaya, or 

 giant cactus {Cereus gigantens), from the 

 fruit of which preserves and a sirup are 

 made. An extensive trade in salt, taken 

 from the great inland lagoons, was former- 

 ly conducted by the tribe, the product 

 finding ready sale at Tubac and Tucson. 

 Their present principal crops are wheat 

 and barley. They are also stock-raisers; 

 and in recent years many of them 



have gained a livelihood by working 

 as laborers, especially on railroads 

 and irrigation ditches. The Papago 

 are tall and dark-complexioned; their 

 dialect differs but little from that of the 

 Pima, and their habits and customs are 

 generally similar except that the men 

 wear the hair only to the shoulders. 

 Their traditions also bear close resem- 

 blance save where varied by local color- 

 ing. Like the Pima, the Papago women 

 are expert basket makers. Their pottery 

 is far inferior to that of the Pueblos, and 

 the designs and patterns of both the pot- 

 tery and the basketry are the same as 

 those of the Pima. One of their favorite 

 games, played with 4 sticks, was that 

 known as hints (Spanish quince, 'fif- 

 teen'), called by them ghin-fkoot (prob- 

 ablv derived from the same word). 



PAPAGO OF SAN XAVIER, ARIZONA. (am. Mus. Nat. Hist.) 



From early times the Papago have been 

 known as a frugal and peaceable people, 

 although they by no means lackedbravery 

 when oppressed by their enemies, the 

 Apache, from whose raids they suffered 

 severely. Their typical dwelling is dome 

 shaped, consisting of a framework of sap- 

 lings, thatched with grass or leafy shnibs, 

 with an adjacent shelter or ramada. 

 These lodges are from 12 to 20 ft in di- 

 ameter, and sometimes the roof is flat- 

 tened and covered with earth. 



The Papago in the U. S. numbered 4,981 

 in 1906, distributed as follows: Under the 

 Pima school superintendent (Gila Bend 

 res.), 2,233; under the farmer at San 

 Xavier (Papago res.), 523 allottees on 

 reserve, and 2,225 in Pima co. In addi- 



