204 



PARKER PARUMPATS 



[B. A. B. 



nized authority and value of this book 

 are due to the work of Parker, as well as 

 to that of Morgan. As a sachem Parker 

 had full knowledge of the institutions of 

 his people, and as a man of education 

 and culture he had both the interest and 

 ability necessary to make those institu- 

 tions known to civilized man as no ordi- 

 nary interpreter could have done." 

 Parker had a sister. Miss Caroline G. 

 Parker (Gahano, 'Hanging Flower'), 

 and a younger brother, Nicholas, both of 

 whom the General survived. Miss Par- 

 ker (sometimes, without reason, referred 

 to as "Queen of the Senecas") married 

 John Mountpleasant, a Tuscarora. Con- 

 sult Morgan, League of the Iroquois, a 

 new edition edited and annotated by 

 Herbert M. Lloyd, New York, 1904. 



Parker, ftuana ( from Comanche l-waina, 

 'fragrant,' joined to his mother's family 

 name). The principal chief of the Co- 

 manche, son of a Comanche chief and a 

 white captive woman. His father, No- 

 koni, 'wanderer,' was the leader of the 

 Kwahadi division, the wildest and most 

 hostile portion of the tribe and the 

 most inveterate raiders along the Texas 

 border. In one of the incursions, in the 

 summer of 1835, the Comanche attacked 

 a small settlement on Navasota r., in e. 

 Texas, known from its founder as Park- 

 er's Fort, and carried off 2 children of 

 Parker himself, one of whom, Cynthia 

 Ann Parker, then about 12 years of age, 

 became later the wife of the chief and 

 the mother of Quana, born about 1845. 

 The mother, with a younger infant, 

 was afterward rescued by the troops 

 and brought back to Texas, where both 

 soon died. Quana grew up with the 

 tribe, and on the death of his father rap- 

 idly rose to commanding influence. The 

 Kwahadi band refused to enter into the 

 Medicine Lodge treaty of 1867, by which 

 the Comanche, Kiowa Apache, Chey- 

 enne, and Arapaho were assigned to 

 reservations, and continued to be a dis- 

 turbing element until 1874, when, in 

 consequence of the depredations of an 

 organized company of white buffalo 

 hunters, Quana himself mustered the 

 warriors of the Comanche and Cheyenne, 

 with about half the Kiowa and some 

 portion of the other two tribes, for resis- 

 tance. The campaign began June 24, 

 1874, with an attack led by Quana in 

 person at the head of 700 confederate 

 warriors against the buffalo hunters, 

 who were strongly intrenched in a fort 

 known as the Adobe Walls, on the South 

 Canadian in the Texas panhandle. In 

 addition to the protection afforded by 

 the thick walls, the white hunters had a 

 small field-piece which they used with 

 such good effect that after a siege lasting 

 all day the Indians were obliged to retire 



with considerable loss. The war thus 

 begun continued along the whole border 

 s. of Kansas until about the middle of the 

 next year, when, being hard pressed by 

 the troops under Gen.' Mackenzie, most 

 of the hostiles surrendered. Quana, 

 however, kept his band out upon the 

 Staked plain for 2 years longer, when he 

 also came in. Recognizing the inevit- 

 able, he set about making the best of 

 the new conditions, and being still young 

 and with the inherited intelligence of his 

 white ancestry, he quickly adapted him- 

 self so well to the white man's road as to 

 become a most efficient factor in leading 

 his people up to civilization. Through 

 his influence the confederated tribes 

 adopted the policy of leasing the surplus 

 pasture lands, by which a large annual 

 income was added to their revenues. He 

 has popularized education, encouraged 

 house building and agriculture, and dis- 

 couraged dissipation and savage extrava- 

 gances, while holding strictly to his na- 

 tive beliefs and ceremonies. Polygamy 

 being customary in his tribe, he has sev- 

 eral wives and a number of children, all 

 of whom, of proper age, have received 

 a school education, and one or two of 

 whom have married white men. For 

 nearly 30 years he has been the most 

 prominent and influential figure among 

 the 3 confederated tribes in all leases, 

 treaty negotiations, and other public 

 business with the Government, and in 

 this capacit}^ has made repeated visits to 

 Washington, besides having traveled ex- 

 tensively in other parts of the country. 

 Besides his native language he speaks 

 both English and Spanish fairly well. 

 He now lives in a large and comforta])le 

 house, surrounded by well-cultivated 

 fields, about 12 m. w. of Ft Sill, Okla. 

 Quanah, a town in n. Texas, was named 

 in his honor. (,j. m. ) 



Partocac. A Chumashan village w. of 

 Pueblo de las Canoas (San Buenaven- 

 tura), Ventura co., Cal., in 1542. Placed 

 by Taylor at the Indian cemetery on the 

 mesa of the Goleta farm. 

 Paltocac— Taylor in Cal. Farmer, Apr. 17, 1863. 

 Partocac. — Cabrillo (1542) in Smith, Colec. Doc. 

 Fla., 181, 1857. Partoeae.— Taylor, op. cit. 



Paruguns ( Pa-ru'-guns, 'marsh people' ) . 

 A Paiute band formerly near Parawan, 

 s. w. Utah; pop. 27 in 1873. 

 Parawan.— Smithson. Misc. Coll., xiv, 39, 1878. 

 Parawat Yutas,— Burton, City of Saints, 578, 1861. 

 Pa-ru'-guns.— Powell in Ind. Aff. Rep. 1873, 50, 1874. 



Parumpaiats {Pa-room' -pai-ats, 'people 

 of the meadows'). A Paiute band for- 

 merlv in or near Moapa valley, s. e. Nev. ; 

 pop. 35 in 1873.— Powell in Ind. Aff. Rep. 

 1873, 50, 1874. 



Parumpats [Pa-room' -pats). A Paiute 

 l)and formerly at Parum spring, s. E. 

 Nev. ; pop. 56 in 1873, including the Nog- 

 wats.— Powell in Ind. Aff. Rep. 1873, 50, 

 1874. 



