220 



PEASHTEBAl PECOS 



[B. A. B. 



Feashtebai. A Montagnais village on 

 the s. coast of Labrador. — Stearns, Lab- 

 rador, 271, 1884. 



Pebnlikwa [Pe'-bu-li-kwa). A former 

 pueblo of the Jemez in New Mexico, the 

 exact site of which has not been deter- 

 mined. 



Pe'-bu-li-kwa.— Hodge, field notes, B. A. E., 1895. 

 Pem-bul-e-qua. — Bandelier in Arch. Inst. Papers, 

 IV, 207, 1892. 



Pecan. The nut of Carya olivseformis, 

 one of the largest and most majestic trees 

 of the river bottoms of s. Indiana, s. Illi- 

 nois, Iowa, Louisiana, and Texas. The 

 nut, the name of which has been spelled 

 pecan from at least the time of Capt. Car- 

 ver (1778), and is pronounced jo^MiCTi in 

 the W. and S., was early known also as 

 "Illinois - nut." It is thin - shelled, 

 smooth, and olive-shaped, much superior 

 in flavor to the nuts of the rest of the 

 genus, and has been held in great esteem 

 for more than a century. The word 

 pecan, as is shown by its pronunciation, 

 was derived, not from the Creole pacane, 

 but directly from Algonquian, in the 

 various dialects of which pdkd'n, pCikd^n, 

 pdgd^n, pUgd^n, pdkd"n, is a general term 

 for a hard-shelled 'nut'; hence the name 

 " pecan-nut," sometimes used, is tautolog- 

 ical. To the Illinois Indians the pecan 

 was the nut par excellence, hence their 

 designation of it simply as "nut," with- 

 out any qualificative. The word is a 

 radical one, and, as is the case with all 

 Algonquian radical words, can be derived 

 from no known root. The suggestion 

 that it is from a root pdk, 'to strike,' is 

 untenable, for the reason that if such 

 were the case pdkdn would necessarily 

 be derived from a verb pdke or pdkeu, 

 which could not possibly be formed from 

 the root just mentioned. (w. r. g. ) 



Peccarecamek (?' hickory town.' — Hew- 

 itt). A reported Indian settlement on 

 the s. Virginia border, which, according 

 to Indian information, had stone houses, 

 of more than one story, which the inhab- 

 itants had been taught to build by the 

 survivors of Raleigh's colony who escaped 

 the massacre at Eoanoke (Strachey, Va., 

 26, 1849). 



Pechquinakonck ( possibly from pechutd 

 'near', nak 'island', unk the locative. — 

 Gerard). An unidentified village in 

 North Salem, Westchester co., N. Y., 

 noted on Van der Donck's map of 1655. 

 See Shonnard, Hist. Westchester Co., 

 N. Y., 48, 1900. (w. M. B.) 



Peckikery. See Hickory. 



Pecking implements. One of the four 

 principal shaping processes employed by 

 the tribes in the manufacture of imple- 

 ments and other objects of stone is known 

 as pecking, and the implements used are 

 stone hammers (q. v. ) of various shapes; 

 some are mere fragments of hard, tough 



rock with suitable points or edges, while 

 others are more or less completely special- 

 ized, the typical implement being some- 

 what discoidal in form, with periphery 

 convex or angular in profile, and with the 

 sides slightly pitted for the accommoda- 

 tion of the opposing thumb and fingers, 

 which hold it lightly. The operation 

 consisted of repeated blows rapidly deliv- 

 ered with the periphery or edge of the 

 implement upon the surface to be shaped, 

 aiid the crumblings which resulted, al- 

 though minute, gradually reduced unde- 

 sirable parts, formed grooves, ridges, pits, 

 nodes, etc., giving such approximation to 

 the form desired that the grinding and 

 rubbing processes, which usually fol- 

 lowed, readily produced the finished 

 work. Consult the citations under Stone- 

 work, (w. H. H. ) 



Peckwes. A village in New Jersey, 

 about 10 m. from Hackensack, in 1694. 

 It probably belonged either to the Mun- 

 see or to the Shawnee, who were about 

 that time removing from the S. to the 

 Delaware country. — Schuyler (1694) in 

 N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., iv, 98, 1854. 



Pecos ( from P' e^-a-ku' , the Keresan name 

 of the pueblo) . Formerly the largest and 

 most populous of the pueblos of New 

 Mexico in historic times, occupied by a 

 people speaking the same language of the 

 Tanoan family, with dialectic variations, 

 as that of Jemez; situated on an upper 

 branch of Pecos r., about 30 m. s. e. of 

 Santa Fe. In prehistoric times the Pecos 

 people occupied numerous pueblos con- 

 taining from 200 to 300 rooms each, and 

 many compactly built single-story house 

 groups of from 10 to 50 rooms each. 

 These were scattered along the valley from 

 the N. end of Caiion de Pecos grant to An- 

 ton Chico, a distance of 40 m. At the time 

 of the arrival of the first Spaniards under 

 Coronado, in 1540, the tribe had become 

 concentrated in the great communal 

 structure popularly known as Pecos. Ac- 

 cording to Bandelier, the Pecos declare 

 that they came into their valley from the 

 s. E., but that they originated in the n. 

 and shifted across the Rio Grande, occu- 

 pying successively the [)ueblos now in 

 ruins at San Jos6 and Kingman previous 

 to locating at their final settlement. -The 

 principal pue1)lo of the tribe, according 

 to the same authority, was Tshiquit^, or 

 Tziquit6 (the pueblo of Pecos), which he 

 identifies with the Acuique, Cicuic, Ci- 

 cuye, etc., of the early Spanish chron- 

 iclers. Gatschet (Isleta MS. vocab., 

 B. A. E., 1879), however, records Sikuy6 

 as an Isleta name of Pecos pueblo, and 

 as the Isleta people are Tigua and Coro- 

 nado went from Tiguex (Tigua) province 

 directly to Pecos in 1540, it seems more 

 likely that Cicuye in its various forms 



