BULL. 30] 



PECOS 



221 



was the Tigua name of Pecos pueblo in 

 the 16th century. Bandelier thinks it 

 possible that the ruins at Las Ruedas 

 and El Gusano are those of pueblos also 

 occupied by the Pecos people contempo- 

 raneously with their principal town at 

 the time of the Spanish advent, and, in- 

 deed, Zarate-Salmeron, about 1629, men- 

 tions that the tribe at that date occupied 

 also the pueblo of Tuerto, near the pres- 

 ent Golden. At the time of Coronado's 

 visit Pecos contained 2,000 to 2,500 inhab- 

 itants. It consisted of two great commu- 

 nal dwellings, built on the terrace plan, 

 each 4 stories high, and containing 585 

 and 517 rooms respectively in its ground 

 plan. Two Franciscan friars remained 

 there after Coronado's departure in 1542, 

 but both were probably killed before the 

 close of the year. Pecos was visited also by 

 Espejoin 1583, CastanodeSosa in 1590-91, 

 and Oiiate in 1598, the last calling it Santi- 

 ago. During the governorship of Onate 

 the first permanent missionaries were as- 

 signed to Pecos, and the great church, so 

 long a landmark on the Santa F6 trail, 

 was erected about 1617. The pueblo suf- 

 fered severely first at the hands of the Que- 

 recho, or Apache of the plains, and after 

 1 700 through raids by the Comanche. In 

 the revolts of 1680-96 against Spanish au- 

 thority (see Pueblos) Pecos played an im- 

 portant part, audits actual decline may be 

 said to have begun at this time. In 1760 

 Galisteo was a visita of its mission, and, 

 including the latter pueblo, Pecos con- 

 tained 599 inhabitants in that year. In 

 1782, however, the Pecos mission was 

 abandoned, its people being ministered 

 by a priest from Santa Fe. Its population 

 had dwindled to 152 in 1790-93, prob- 

 ably on account of a Comanche raid in 

 which nearly every man in the tribe was 

 killed. Epidemics, brought about appar- 

 ently by the proximity of the cemetery 

 to the source of water supply, also hasten- 

 ed the diminution of the Pecos people. 

 In 1805 they had become reduced to 104, 

 and in 1838 the pueblo was finally aban- 

 doned, the 17 survivors moving to Jemez, 

 where there are now perhaps 25 Indians 

 of Pecos blood, only one of whom however 

 was born at the mother pueblo. The 

 names of Pecos ruins, so far as recorded, 

 are Kuuanguala, Pomojoua, San Jos6 

 (modern Spanish name of locality), Se- 

 yupa, and Tonchuun. The Pecos clans 

 were as follows: Waha (Cloud), Pe 

 (Sun), Ya (Coyote), See (Eagle), Kvunu 

 (Corn), Sohl (Badger), Sungti (Tur- 

 quoise), Daahl (Earth or Sand), Wa- 

 haha (Calabash), Kiahl (Crow), Pa 

 ( Deer) , Shiankya ( Mountain lion ) , Whala 

 (Bear), Fwaha (Fire), Amu (Ant), Kot- 

 saa (Pine), Petdelu (Wild Turkey), Tash- 

 ty e ( Buffalo ) , Gy uungsh ( Oak ) , Alawahku 



(Elk), Alu (Antelope), Morbah (Parrot), 

 and Hayah (Snake). 



Consult Bandelier in Arch. Inst. Papers, 

 I, pt. 2, 1881; III, 127, 1890; iv, 125, 1892; 

 Hodge in Am. Anthrop.,Oct. 1896; Hew- 

 ett, ibid. , n. s. , vi, 426, 1904. ( f. w. h. ) 

 Acuique. — Coronado (1541) in Doc. Ined., xiv, 32.5, 

 1870. A-cu-lah. — Simpson, Recon. Navaho 

 Country, 143, 1850. Acuye.— Bandelier in .\rch. 

 Inst. Papers, I, .114, 1881 (probably proper name 

 for Cicuy(J). Agin. — Ibid., 20 (aboriginal name 

 in the Jemez language). Agiu?. — Baneroft, Ariz, 

 and N. Mex.,53, 1889 (the possible proper name). 

 A-gu-yu. — Bandelier in Ritch, N. Mex., 201, 

 1885. Aqiu. — Bandelier in Arch. Inst. Papers, I, 

 114, 1881 (Pecos and Jemez name). A-q'iu.— Ban- 

 delier in Arch. Inst. Bull., I, 18, 1883. Aqui.— 

 Bancroft, Ariz, and N. Mex., .53, 1889 (misquoting 

 Bandelier). Aquiu. — Bandelier in Arch. Inst. 

 Papers, in, 127, 1890 (name of the Pecos tribe). 

 Chichuich.— Zaltieri, map (1-560) in Winsor, Hist. 

 Am., 11,451, 1886. Cicoua.— Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, 

 IV, 39, 1854. Cicui.— Barcia, Ensayo, 21, 1723. Ci- 

 cuio. — Gomara (1554) quoted by Hakluyt, Voy., 

 455, 1600, repr. 1810. Cicuica.— Wytfliet, Hist, des 

 • Indes, 114, 1605. Cicuich. — Ramusio, Nav. et Vi- 

 aggi. III, 4.55, map, 1-565. Cicuick.— Heylyn, Cos- 

 mography, 967, 1703. Cicuie.— Ladd, Story of 

 N. Mex., 52, 1891. Cicuio.— Bancroft, Ariz, and N. 

 Mex., 135, 1889. Cicuiq.— Bandelier in Arch. Inst. 

 Papers, iv, 118, 1892. Cicuique. — Coronado (1541) 

 in Doc. In6d., xiv, 323, 1870. Cicuya.— Marcy, 

 Army Life, 18, 1866. Cicuyan Indians. — School- 

 craft, Ind. Tribes, iv, 27, 1854. Cicuye.— Castaneda 

 (1596) in Ternaux-Compans, Voy., ix, 67, 1838. 

 Cicuyo. — Benavides, Memorial, 99, 1630. Ciqui- 

 que.— Espejo (1583) in Doc. In6d., xv, 123, 1871. 

 Circuic— Hakluyt Society Pub., xxx, 227, 1862. 

 Coquite.— Mota-Padilla (1742), Conq. N. Galicia, 

 164, 165, 1870. Cucuye. — Simpson in Trans. Am. 

 Geog. Soc, v, map, 1874. Cycuyo.— Benavides, 

 Memorial, 99, 1630. Hiokub'k.— Hodge, field notes, 

 B. A. E., 1895 (Isleta Tigua name). Hyo-qua- 

 hoon. — Lumniis, Man Who Married the Moon, 145, 

 1894 (Isleta Tigua name of Pecos people). K'ok'- 

 o-ro-t'ii'-yu. — Hodge, field notes, B. A. E., 1895 

 (Pecos name of pueblo) . Los Angeles. — Bancroft, 

 Ariz, and N. Mex., 281, 1889 (mission name). N. S. 

 de los Angeles de Pecos. — Alencaster (1805) quoted 

 by Prince, N. Mex., 37, 1883. N. S. de los An- 

 geles de Tecos. — Bancroft, Native Races, I, 599, 

 1882 (misquoting Meline). N. Senora de Pecos. — 

 Jeffery's Am. Atlas, map .5, 1776. Nuestra Senora 

 de los Angeas de Pecos. — Ward in Ind. Aff. Rep. 

 1867, 213, 1868. Nuestra Senora de los Angeles de 

 Porciuncula.— Vetancurt ( 1693) in Teatro Mex., iir, 

 323, 1871(church name). Nuestra Senora de Pecos. — 

 D'Anville,niapAm. Sept., 1746. Nuestra Senora de 

 Portiuncula de los Angeles de Pecos. — Bandelier in 

 Ausland, 815, 1882 (mission name). Paego. — Ban- 

 delier in Arch. Inst. Papers, i, 20, 1881 (Keresan 

 name of pueblo). Pae-qo. — Ibid., 114 (Keresan 

 name of tribe). Paequlu.— Ibid., in, 127, 1890 

 (alternative formofPae-quiua-la, aboriginal name 

 of tribe). Pae-quiua-la.— Ibid. Paeyoq'ona. — Ibid., 

 1,114 1881(Kere9aiinameofpueblo). Pago. — Ban- 

 delier in N. Y. Staatszeitung, June 28, 18S5. Pa- 

 gos.— Falconer in Jour. Roy. Geog. Soc, xiii, 216, 



1843. P'a-qu-lah.— HewettinAm.Anthrop., vi,430, 

 1904 (Jemez name). P'a-tyu-la.— Hodge, field 

 notes, B. A. E.,1895(Jemezname). Pa-yo-go-na. — 

 Bandelier in Revue d'Ethnographie, 203, 1886 

 (Keresan name). Payoqona. — Bandelier in N. Y. 

 Staatszeitung, June 28, 1885 (Keresan name). 

 Peahko.— Hodge, field notes, B. A. E., 1895 (Santa 

 Ana name). Peakuni. — Hodge, ibid. (Laguna 

 name of pueblo; Peakanimi = Pecos people). 

 Pecas. — Ed wards. Campaign, map, 1847. Peccos. — 

 Onate (1598) in Doc. Ini?d., xvi, 2,58, 1871. Peco.— 

 Muhlenpfordt, Mejico, ii,. 528,1844. Pecos.— Oiiate 

 (1598) in Doc. InM., xvi, 109, 1871 (first use of the 

 term). Pegoa.— Miihlenpfordt, Mejico, ii, 528, 



1844. Peici.— Sanson, L'Am^rique, map. 27, 1657. 

 Peicis.— De I'lsle, Map Am. Septentrionale, 1700. 

 Peicj.— Linschoten, Descrip. de TAm^rique, map 



