224 



PEMVEANS PENELAKUT 



[B. A. B. 



made by cutting the meat of the reindeer 

 into thin sHces, drying the latter in the 

 sun or over the smoke of a slow fire, 

 pounding them fine between stones, and 

 incorporating the material with one-third 

 part of melted fat. To this mixture dried 

 fruit, such as choke or June berries, is 

 sometimes added. The whole is then 

 compressed into skin bags, in which, if 

 kept dry, it may be preserved for four or 

 five years. Sweet pemmican is a superior 

 kind of pemmican in which the fat used 

 is obtained from marrow by boiling 

 broken bones in water. Fish pemmican 

 is a pemmican made by the Indians of 

 the remote regions of the N. W. by 

 pounding dried fish and mixing the prod- 

 uct with sturgeon oil. The Eskimo of 

 Alaska make a pemmican by mixing 

 chewed deer meat with deer-suet and 

 seal-oil. "This food," observes Lieut. 

 Kay, "is not agreeable to the taste, 

 probably owing to the fact that the mas- 

 ticators are inveterate tobacco-chewers." 

 The word is from Cvee pirriikd7i, 'manu- 

 factured grease,' from phntkeu, 'he (or 

 she) makes (or manufactures) grease,' 

 that is, by boiling crude fat, plmu, in 

 water and skimming off the supernatant 

 oil. The verb is now used by the Cree 

 in the sense of 'he makes pemmican.' 

 The word is cognate with Abnaki peirii- 

 kdn. (w. R. G. ) 



Pemveans. Mentioned by Boudinot 

 (Star in the West, 128, 1816) in a list of 

 tribes; unidentified. 



Penah ('turkey'). A former village of 

 the Fox tribe, situated on the site of Cass- 

 ville. Grant Co., Wis. — Snyder, Van- 

 Vechten & Co. , Hist. Atlas Wis. , 209, 1878. 



PeSasco Blanco (Span.: 'large white 

 rock ' ) . One of the most important ruins 

 of the Chaco Canyon group, n. w. N. Mex. , 

 and one of the most remarkable of all 

 known prehistoric Indian structures n. of 

 Mexico. It is situated on a high mesa at 

 the s. side of the canyon, about 3 m. below 

 Pueblo Bonito. In plan it is an almost 

 perfect ellipse; the long diameter is 500 

 ft, the short 365 ft. The w. half of the 

 ellipse is occupied by the pueblo proper, 

 which was 5 tiers of rooms deep and 

 probably 4 stories high. The e. half con- 

 sists of a continuous series of single-story 

 rooms. The outer wall is in a ruinous 

 condition, but little of it remaining. As 

 in almost every one of the Chaco canyon 

 buildings, there is no uniformity of struc- 

 tural skill displayed in the masonry, 

 some portions being of the crudest kind 

 while in other parts are beautiful ex- 

 amples of horizontal alternations of thick 

 and thin blocks. There are 7 kivas on the 

 w. side of the court, and a large one, 50 ft 

 in diameter, outside the s. end. The 

 rooms in the main building are larger, 

 averaging 20 ft in length, varying in 

 width from 10 to 20 ft, the width of the 



rooms in each tier being uniform through- 

 out the entire length of the building. 



In addition to the writings cited below, 

 consult Jackson in 10th Rep. Hayden 

 Surv.,1878. (e. l. h.) 



Penasca Blanca. — Simpson, Exped. Navajo Conn- 

 try, 82, 18.50. Fenasco Blanca. — Hardacre in Scrib- 

 ner'8 Mag., 275, Dec. 1878 (misprint). Senasca 

 Blanca.— Domenech, Deserts N. Am., I, 200, 1860 

 (misprint). 



Penas Negras (Span.: 'black rocks'). 

 A small communal pueblo on an eminence 

 w. of the Pecos road, near the edge of a 

 forest, 8 m. s. s. e. of Santa Fe, N. Mex. 

 It was inhabited in prehistoric times by 

 the Tanos or the Tewa, but its aboriginal 

 name is unknown. — Bandelier in Arch. 

 Inst. Papers, iv, 97, 1892. 



Penateka {PendtSka, 'honey eaters'). 

 An important division of the Comanche, 

 formerly ranging on the edge of the timber 

 country in e. Texas, and hence frequently 

 known to the whites as Eastern or South- 

 ern Comanche. They had but a loose 

 alliance with their western kinsmen and 

 sometimes joined the Texans or troops 

 against them. They are now with the 

 rest of the Comanche in s. w. Oklahoma. — 

 Mooney in 14th Rep. B. A. E., 1045, 1896. 

 Hoesh.— Smithson. Misc. Coll., ii, art. 3, 53, 1862. 

 Ho-is.— Neighbors in Ind. Aff. Rep., 579, 1848. 

 Honey Eaters. — Butler and Lewis (1846) in H. R. 

 Doc. 76, 29th Cong., 2d sess., 6, 1847. Honigeters.— 

 ten Kate, Reizen in N. A., 377, 1885 ('honey- 

 eaters': Dutch form). Hoo-ish.— Butler and Lewis, 

 op. cit. Ju-i.— Butcher and Leyendecher, Coman- 

 che MS. vocab., B. A. E., 1867 (=' woodman'). 

 Ku'baratpat.— Mooney in 14th Rep. B. A. E., 1045, 

 1896 ( = ' steep climbers'; another Comanche 

 name). Orientales.— Bol. Soc. Geog. Mex., v, 318, 

 1857 (apparently identical). Pe-na-doj-ka. — 

 Butcher and Leyendecher, op. cit. Penande. — 

 Pimentel, Lenguas, ii, 347, 1865. Pen-a-tacker. — 

 Leavenworth (1868) in H. R. Misc. Doc. 139, 4l8t 

 Cong., 2d sess., 6, 1870. Penatakas.— Leeper in Ind. 

 Aff. Rep. 1859, 256, 1860. Penelakas.— Penney 

 in Ind. Aff. Rep., 101, 1870. Penelethkas.— Keane 

 in Stanford, Compend., 530, 1878. Penetakees. — 

 Neighbors in Ind. Aff. Rep., 577, 1848. Penetak- 

 ers.— Walkley (1868) in Sen. Ex. Doc. 18, 40th 

 Cong., 3d sess., 15, 1869. Peneteghka.— Alvord 

 (1868), ibid., 9. Peneteka.— ten Kate, Reizen in 

 N. A., 384, 1885. Pe-neteka-Comanches.— Ibid., 373. 

 Pene-teth-ca.— Sanders (1870) in H. R. Ex. Doc. 7, 

 42d Cong., Istsess., 3, 1871. Penetethka.— Ind. Aff. 

 Rep., 334, 1873. Penetoghkos.— Alvord, op. cit., 7. 

 Penhatethka. -Battey , Ad ven t , , 200, 1875. Pen-ha- 

 teth-kahs.— Ibid., 307. Pen'-ha-teth'-kas.— Ibid., 

 284. Pennelakas.— Penney in Ind. Aff. Rep. 1869, 

 101, 1870. Penne-taha.— Comanche and Kiowa 

 treaty in Sen. Ex. Doc. O, 39th Cong., 1st sess., 4, 

 1866. Pennetekas.— Walklev (1868) in Sen. Ex. 

 Doc. 18, 40th Cong., 3d sess., 18, 1869. Penttakers.— 

 McKn.sker (1868), ibid., 14. Sugar Eater band.— 

 Comanche and Kiowa treaty, op. cit. Sugar or 

 Honey Eaters.— Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, i, 522, 

 1851. Te' 'kapwai.— Mooney in 14th Rep. B. A. E., 

 1045, 1896 (= ' no meat' : another Comanche name) . 

 Te'yuwit.— Ibid. (=' hospitable': another Coman- 

 che name). 



Pencoana. Mentioned as a pueblo of 

 the province of Atripuy, in the vicinity of 

 the lower Rio Grande, New Mexico, in 

 1598.— Oilate (1598) in Doc. InM., xvi, 

 115, 1871. 



Pendants. See Adornment, Gorgets, Or- 

 nament, Plummets. 



Penelaknt. A Cowichan tribe on Ku- 

 per and Galiano ids., off the s. e. end of 



