226 



PENNACOOK PENOBSCOT 



[b. a. e. 



to persuade those at Scaticook to join 

 them, but without success. 



The following were Pennacook villages 

 and bands: Accominta, Agawam, Amos- 

 keag, Coosuc, Nashua, Newichawanoc, 

 Ossipee, Pennacook, Pentucket, Piscat- 

 aqua, Souhegan, Squamscot, Wachuset, 

 Wamesit, Weshacum, Winnecowet, Win- 

 nipesauki. (j. m. c. t. ) 



Merrimacks.— Drake, Bk. Inds., bk. 2, 62, 1848. 

 Nechegansett.— Gookin (ca. 1675) quoted by Va- 

 ler, Mith., pt. 3, sec. 3, 377, 1816. Owaragees.— Col- 

 den (1727), Five Nations, 104, 1747. Panukkog.— 

 Hogkins (1685) in N. H. Hist. Soc. Coll., i, 220, 

 1824. Peenecooks.— McKeeninMe. Hist. Soc. Coll., 

 in, 323, 1853. Penacook.— Writer, ca. 1680, quoted 

 by Drake, Bk. Inds., bk. 3, 115, 1848. Penagooge.— 

 Record of 1675 quoted by Drake, ibid., 96. 

 Fenakook. — Letter of 1676 quoted by Drake, ibid., 

 84. Penecooke.— Nicholson (1688) "in N. Y. Doc. 

 Col. Hist., ni, 551, 1853. Penicoock.— Moll, map 

 in Humphrey, Account, 1730. Fenicook.— Sabin 

 (1699) in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., iv, 619, 1854. Peni- 

 kook.— Jefferys, Fr. Doms., pt. 1, map, 1761. 

 Pennacokes.— Bellomont (1700) quoted by Rut- 

 tenber, Tribes Hudson R., 184, 1872. Pennacooke.— 

 Hubbard (1680) in Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll., 2d s., v, 

 242, 1815. Pennagog.— Gookin (1677) in Trans. Am. 

 Antiq. Soc, n, 464, 1836. Pennakooks.— Gookin 

 (1674), ibid., 1st s., i, 149, 1806. Pennecooke.— Doc. 

 of 1659 in N. H. Hist. Soc. Coll., in, 212, 1832. 

 Pennekokes.— Livingston (1702) in N. Y. Doc. Col. 

 Hist., IV, 996, 1854. Pennekook.— Ibid. Penne- 

 kooke.— Courtland (1688), ibid., in, 562, 1853. 

 Pennicook.— Rawson (1668) in N. H. Hist. Soo. 

 Coll., Ill, 223, 1832. Pennikook.— Schuyler (1700) 

 in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., iv, 662, 1854. Pennokook.— 

 Schuyler (1687) , ibid., in, 482, 1853. Penny Cook.— 

 Douglass, Summary, i, 185, 1755. Penny-Cooke.— 

 Rawson (1668) in N. H. Hist. Soc. Coll., in, 223, 

 1832. Pennykoke.— Livingston (1702) in N. Y. Doc. 

 Col. Hist., IV, 996, 1854. Pinnekooks.— Albany 

 treaty (1664), ibid., in, 68, 18.53. Ponacocks.— Mc- 

 Kenney and Hall, Ind. Tribes, in, 79, 18.54. Pona- 

 coks.— Golden (1727), Five Nations, 95, 1747. 



Pennacook. A tribe of the Pennacook 

 confederacy. They occupied both banks 

 of Merrimac r. for some miles above and 

 below Concord, N. H. They were the 

 strongest and most influential tribe of the 

 confederacy and the last to preserve their 

 tribal name, having incorporated most of 

 the other tribes before King Philip's war 

 in 1675. 



Pennacook. The principal village of the 

 Pennacook tribe, situated on the site of 

 the present Concord, N. H. 



Penobscot (derived by Vetromile from 

 Pdnnawdnbskek, 'it forks on the white 

 rocks,' or Penaubsket, ' it flows on rocks' ; 

 Godfrey and Ballard practically agree 

 with Vetromile, the name applying di- 

 rectly to the falls at Oldtown, but Ballard 

 says it has also been rendered ' rock land, ' 

 from penops Ipenopsc} 'rock,' and cot [o<] 

 locative, applied to the bluff at the mouth 

 of the river near Castine. Gerard gives 

 the aboriginal form as Penohskdt, lit. 

 ' plenty stones ' ) . A tribe of the Abnaki 

 confederacy (q. v.) , closely related in lan- 

 guage and customs to the Norridgewock. 

 They are sometimes included in the Male- 

 cite group, but this is an error. They 

 were probably the most numerous tribe of 

 the Abnaki confederacy, and for a time 

 more influential than the Norridgewock. 



They occupied the country on both sides 

 of Penobscot bay and r., and claimed the 

 entire basin of Penobscot r. Their sum- 

 mer resort was near tlie sea, but during 

 the winter and spring they inhabited 

 lands near the falls, where they still re- 

 side, their principal modern village being 

 Oldtow^n, on Indian id., a few miles above 

 Bangor, in Penobscot co. A band living 

 on Moosehead lake, Me., was popularly 

 known as Moosehead Lake Indians. That 

 Indians of this tribe were encountered by 

 navigators before the middle of the 16th 

 century appears to be certain. Kohl ( Dis- 

 cov. East Coast Am., 1869) says that 

 Norumbega on the Penobscot was often 

 visited by French navigators and fisher- 

 men from the Great Bank and that they 

 built there before 1555 a fort or settlement. 

 When more thorough exploration began 

 in the 17th century the Penobscot chief, 

 known as Bashaba (a term probably 

 equivalent to head-chief), seems to have 

 had primacy over all the New England 

 tribes southward to the Merrimac. The 

 residence of Bashaba at this period ap- 

 pears to have been somewhere in the re- 

 gion of Bangor, possibly at the Norum- 

 bega of early travelers. Champlain, who 

 sailed up the Penobscot (called by him 

 Norumbega) in 1605, sa3's: "Nowl will 

 leave this discourse to return to the sav- 

 ages who had led me to the rapids of No- 

 rumbega, who went to inform Bessabes, 

 their captain, and gave him warning of 

 our arrival." His residence must there- 

 fore have been in the neighborhood of the 

 rapids. The Penobscot at this period seem 

 to have been distinct from the "Tarra- 

 tine, "or Abnaki of Norridgewock, and 

 at war with them, although since the 

 English occupancy of the country they 

 have always been known as a part of the 

 Abnaki and have sometimes been specifi- 

 cally designated as Tarratine. The prin- 

 cipal village, from which the tribe derived 

 its name, seems to have been identical 

 with Pentagouet of early French and Eng- 

 lish writers, situated on or near the site 

 of Castine, Me. The various forms of 

 Pentagouet and Penobscot are constantly 

 confused in literature. Other settle- 

 ments at that period were at Mattawam- 

 keag, Olamon, and Passadumkeag. All 

 of these appear to have been temporary 

 stations until the French gave a perma- 

 nent character to Penobscot by the es- 

 tablishment of a mission there in 1688. 

 The Penobscot took an active part 

 in all the wars on the New England 

 frontier up to 1749, when they made a 

 treaty of peace, and have remained quiet 

 ever since. This treaty brought them 

 into disfavor with the Abnaki of St 

 Francis, who continued hostilities in the 

 French interest, for which reason very 

 few of the Penobscot ever joined their 

 emigrant tribesmen in Canada, and they 



