228 



PP:0RIA PEPIKOKIA 



[b. a. e. 



Peoria (through French Feouarea, from 

 Peoria Fiwarec, 'he comes carrying a 

 pack on his back': a personal name. — 

 Gerard). One of the principal tribes 

 of the Illinois confederacy. Franquelin 

 in his map of 1688 locates them and the 

 Tapouaro (q. v. ) on a river w. of the Mis- 

 sissippi above the mouth of Wisconsin r., 

 probably the upper Iowa r. Early refer- 

 ences to the Illinois which place them on 

 the Mississippi, although some of the 

 tribes were on Rock and Illinois rs., must 

 relate to the Peoria and locate them near 

 the mouth of the Wisconsin. When ]Mar- 

 quette and Joliet descended the Missis- 

 sippi in 1673, they found them and the 

 Moingwena on the w. side of the Missis- 

 sippi near the mouth of a river supposed 

 to be the Des Moines, though it may 

 have been one farther n. When Mar- 

 quette returned from the S., he found that 

 the Peoria had removed and were near 

 the lower end of the expansion of 

 Illinois r., near the present Peoria. At 

 the close of the war carried on by the 

 Sauk and Foxes and other northern tribes 

 against the Illinois, about 1768, the Kick- 

 apoo took possession of this village and 

 made it their principal settlement. About 

 the same time a large part of the Peoria 

 crossed over into Missouri, where they 

 remained, building their village on Black- 

 water fork, until they removed to Kan- 

 sas. One band, the Utagami, living near 

 Illinois r., was practically exterminated, 

 probably by the northern tribes, during 

 the Revolutionary war (Gatschet, Sauk 

 and Fox MS., B. A. E., 1882). Utagami, 

 according to Dr Wm. Jones, may mean 

 the Foxes who were known to the north- 

 ern Algonquians as Utagnmig, 'people of 

 the other shore.' The Foxes claim to 

 have annihilated the Peoria for the help 

 they gave the French and other tribes in 

 the wars against them (the Foxes). The 

 main body of the Peoria remained on the 

 E. bank of Illinois r. until 1832, when, 

 together with the other tribes of the old 

 Illinois confederacy, they sold to the 

 United States their claims in Illinois 

 and Missouri, and to the consolidated 

 tribes, under the names of Peoria and 

 Kaskaskia, was assigned a reservation on 

 Osage r., Kans. In 1854 the Wea and 

 Piankashaw united with them, and in 1868 

 the entire body removed to Indian Ter. 

 ( Oklahoma ) , where they now reside. The 

 Peoria made or joined in the treaties with 

 the United States at Edwardsville, 111., 

 Sept. 25, 1818; Castor Hill, Mo., Oct. 27, 

 1832; Washington, D. C, May 30, 1854, 

 and Feb. 23, 1867. 



The early estimates of the numbers of 

 the Peoria are altogether unreliable, and 

 later estimates shed no light on their pop- 

 ulation from the fact that several Illinois 

 tribes were then consolidated under the 

 same name. In 1736 Chauvignerie esti- 



mated the Peoria at about 250 souls. 

 They were so nearly exterminated soon 

 afterward by the northern tribes that 

 about the year 1800 Gov. William Henry 

 Harrison of the Northwest Ter. could 

 find only 4 men of the tribe living. In 

 1829 the Indians consolidated under that 

 name numbered 120. According to the 

 report of the Indian Ofhce the Peoria and 

 allied tribes in Oklahoma numbered 192 

 in 1906. (j. M. c. T.) 



Opea. — Whiteside (1811) in Am. St. Papers, Ind. 

 Aff., 1, 804, 183-2. Payories.— Volney, View of U. S. 

 A., 352, 1804. Peaouarias.— Cadillac (1695) in Mar- 

 gry, Dec, V, 1'24, 1883. Pecuarias.— Jefferys, Fr. 

 r)oms.,pt. 1, map, 1761. Peoiras. — Hunter, Narr., 

 178, 1823. Peola.— Long, Exped. Rocky Mts., ll, 

 285, 1823. Peonas.— Sen. Misc. Doc. 53, 4.5th Cong., 

 3d sess., 73,1879. Peonies.— Porter (1829) quoted by 

 Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, in, 592, 18.53. Peores.— 

 Writer of 1812 quoted by Schoolcraft, ibid., 5.55. 

 Peorians. — Knox (1792) in Am. St. Papers, Ind. Afl., 

 1,319,1832. Peorias.— Joutel (1687) inMargj-y,D(?c., 

 Ill, 481, 1878. Peouarewi. — Shea, Rel.de la Mission 

 du Miss., 26, 1861. Peouarias. — Homann Heirs' 

 Map, 1756. Peouarius. — Jefferys, Fr. Doms., pt. 1, 

 138, 1761. Peoiiaroiia.— Gravier (ra. 1680) in Shea, 

 Early Voy., 116, 1861. Peoucaria.— La Salle (1681) 

 in Margrv, D(?c., ii, 134, 1877. Peoueria.— La Salle 

 (1682), ibid., 201. Peouria.— Allouez (1680), ibid., 

 96. Peouryas.— Vater, Mith., pt. 3, sec. 3, 351, 1816. 

 Perouacca. — Marquette ( ca. 1673) , Discov. ,349, 1698. 

 Perouasca. — Ibid . , 333. Peroueria. — Joutel ( 1688 ) in 

 French, Hist. Coll. La., i, 185, 1846. Pianrias.— Im- 

 lay. West. Ter., 290, 1797. Piantias.— Smith (1785) 

 quoted by Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, iii, 655, 1853. 

 Piorias. — Bouquet (1764) quoted by Jefferson, 

 Notes, 143, 1825. Pioiiaroiia.— Gravier (1701) in 

 French, Hist. Coll. La., ii, 88, 1875. Pronaria.— 

 Morse, Hist. N. Am., 256, 1776. Proneseas. — La 

 Salle {ca. 1682) quoted in Hist. Mag., 1st s., v, 397, 

 1861. Pronevoa. — Hennepin, New Discov., 310, 

 1698. Prouaria. — Coxe, Carolana, map, 1741. 



Pepatlenok {P'e^paLenox, 'the flyers'). 

 A gens of the Tenaktak (q. v.) . — Boas in 

 Rep. Nat. Mus. 1895, 331, 1897. 



Pepawitlenok {Pe'pawiLenox, 'the fly- 

 ers'). A gens of the Klaskino, a Kwa- 

 kiutl tribe.— Boas in Rep. Nat. Mus. 1895, 

 329, 1897. 



Pepegewizzains ( Chippewa: pipi^rwise''.^, 

 'pigeon-hawk.' — Gerard). A gens or so- 

 ciety of the Chippewa and also of the Ot- 

 tawa. — Tanner, Narr., 314, 1830. 



Pepikokia. An Algonquian tribe or 

 band mentioned in the latter part of the 

 17th century as a division of the Miami. 

 In 1718 both they and the Piankashaw 

 were mentioned as villages of the Wea. 

 That the relation between these three 

 groups was intimate is evident. They 

 were located on the Wabash by Chauvi- 

 gnerie (1736) and by other writers of the 

 period. They are spoken of in 1695 as 

 Miamis of Maramek r., that is, the Kala- 

 mazoo. A letter dated 1701 (Margry, 

 Dec, IV, 592, 1880) indicates that they 

 were at that time in Wisconsin. Chau- 

 vignerie says that Wea, Piankashaw, 

 and Pepikokia "are the same nation, 

 though in different villages," and that 

 "the devices of these Indians are the 

 Serpent, the Deer, and theSmall Acorn." 

 They were sometimes called Nation de la 

 Grue, as though the crane was their 

 totem. They disappear from history 



