BILL. 30] 



PESCADO PESTLES 



235 



sculptured pictographs, whence the na- 

 tive name. See ^lindeleff in 8th Rep. 

 B. A. E., 95,1891. 

 Heshota Izina. — BandL'lior in Revue d'HIthnog., 



200, IWG (inispriiitj . He-sho-ta-tsi'-na. — Cushing 

 in The Millstone, ix, 55, Apr. 1S84. He-sho-ta- 

 tsi'-na-kwe. — Ibiil. ( ' people of the pictured town' ) . 

 He sho ta tsi nan. — Gushing in 4th Kep. B. A. E., 

 494, ls,s6. Hesh-o-ta-tzi-na. — Fewkes in Jour. Am. 

 Eth. and Arch., I, mnp, 1891. Heshota Tzinan.— 

 Bandelier in Arch. Inst. Papers, iv, 3H3, isyii (re- 

 ferring to the ruin). Ojo de Pescado. — Gatschet in 

 Mag. Am. Hist., 260, Apr. 1S82. Ojo Percado.— 

 Eaton in Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, iv, 2J0, 1854 

 (misprint). Ojo Pescado. — Whipple, Pao. R. R. 

 Rep., Ill, i)t. 3, 44, 1856. Ojo Pesoado. — Eastman, 

 map in Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, iv, 1854 (mis- 

 print). Pescado. — Common map form. Piscao. — 

 Hughes, Doniphan's Exped., 197,1848. Prescado. — 

 Donaldson, Moqui Pueblo Inds., 127, 1893 (mis- 

 print). 



Pescado, An unidentified tribe, spoken 

 of in 1688 l)y Juan Sabeata, a Jumano 

 Indian from the mouth of Conchos r., 

 N. E. Chihuahua, Mexico. It was one of 

 36 tribes, friendly to his own, said by Sa- 

 beata to live on Nueces r. , 3 days' journey 

 from his home (Mendoza, Viage, 1683-84, 

 MS. in Archive General). (h. e. b. ) 



Peshewah {Pt-zhe^-va, The Lynx). A 

 Miami chief, better known on the fron- 

 tier as John B. Richard ville; born on St 

 Marys r. , Ind., near the present Ft Wayne, 

 about 1761. After the death of Little Tur- 

 tle the chiefship fell to Peshewah. In- 

 heriting noble French blood on his father' s 

 side, his abilities were such, it is said, 

 as well adapted him to direct the affairs 

 of the Miami. He spoke French and 

 English fluently, as well as his native 

 tongue; and for many years his house on 

 the bank of St Marys r., about 4 m. from 

 Ft Wayne, was known as the abode of 

 hospitality. At the time of his death, 

 Aug. 13, 1841, Peshewah was about 80 

 years of age and was regarded a.j the 

 wealthiest Indian in North America, his 

 property, it is said, being valued at more 

 than a million dollars. The town of 

 Russiaville, Ind., takes its name, in cor- 

 rupted form, from him. (c. t. j. p. d. ) 



Peshla ('bald head'). A band of the 

 Oglala Teton Sioux. 



Pe-cla. — Dor.sey (after Cleveland) in 15th Rep. 

 B. A. E., 220, 1897. Pe-sla.— Ibid. Short hair.— 

 Culbertson in Smithson. Rep. 18.50, 142, 18.51. 



Peshlaptechela ('short bald head'). 

 A band of the Oglala Teton Sioux. 

 Pe-cla-ptcetcela. — Dorsey (after Cleveland) in loth 

 Rep. B. A. E., 220, 1897. Pe-hi'-pte-ci-la.— Havden, 

 Ethnog. and Philol. Mo. Val., 376, 1862 (trans, 

 'short hair band'). Pe-sla-ptecela. — Dorsey, op. 

 clt. Short hair band. — Havden, op. cit. 



Pesquis. Mentioned as a pueblo of the 

 province of Atripuy, in the region of the 

 lower Rio Grande, in New Mexico, in 

 1598.— Oiiate (1598) in Doc. Ined., xvi, 

 115, 1871. 



Pessacus. A noted chief of the Narra- 

 ganset (1623-77), brother of Mianto- 

 nomo. In 1645-58 war was threatened 

 between his j)eople and the English, but 

 was avoided after much talk and confer- 



ence, chiefly by the diplomacy of Nini- 

 gret. Pes.sacus met his death in an expe- 

 dition against the Mohawk. The unlatin- 

 ized form of his name appears as Pes- 

 sacks. (a. f. c. ) 



Pessemmin. See Persimmon. 



Pestles. Implements used by the al)o- 

 rigines in combination with mortars and 

 grinding plates for pulverizing foods, 

 paints, and other sulistances. The use of 

 pestles was general, and they are still con- 

 stantly employed by tribes retaining their 

 primitive customs. They are made of 

 stone, wood, and more rarely of other ma- 

 terials. Bowlders and other natural stones 

 of suitable shape are very generally em- 

 ployed in the grinding work, and the less 

 perfectly adapted forms are modified to 

 accommodate them to the hand and to 

 the particular grinding surface. Pestles 

 for use on flat surfaces are cylindrical and 

 used with a rolling motion, or are flatfish 

 beneath for use after the manner of a 

 muUer (q. v. ). For use in a depres.sion 

 or a deep receptacle the grinding end of 

 the implement is round or conical, while 

 the upper part or handle is shaped for 

 convenience in grasping or is carved to 

 represent some esoteric concept associated 

 in the primitive mind with the function of 

 the apparatus. In many cases the shape 

 of the implement was such that it could 

 be used in one position as a muUer and 

 in another as a pestle (indeed, the Seneca 

 apply the same name to both pestle and 

 mortar, but modified by the terms "up- 

 per" and "lower"), while some exam- 

 ples have a concave surface, available as 

 a mortar. The same stone becomes also 

 on occasion a nut cracker and a hammer. 

 Long, slender, cylindrical pestles are 

 common in the Eastern states, a length of 

 2 ft being common, while the diameter 

 rarely exceeds 3 in. In the Ohio and 

 adjacent valleys a short, somewhat coni- 

 cal or bell-.shaped form prevails, while on 

 the Pacific slope the shapes are remark- 

 abl}' varied. The prevalent type of Cal- 

 ifornia pestle is somewhat cylindrical, but 

 tapers gracefully upward, the length va- 

 rying from a few inches to nearly 3 ft. 

 They are sometimes encircled by a ridge 

 near the base to keep the hand from slip- 

 ping down, and frequently terminate 

 above in a similar encircling ridge or a 

 conical knob. On the N. W. coast the 

 shapes are still more noteworthy, occa- 

 sional examples being carved to represent 

 animal forms. Some are T-sliaped, sug- 

 gesting the conventional pillow of the 

 Egyptians, while still others have perfo- 

 rate or annular handles. Stone pestles 

 are found on inhabited sites, but were 

 rarely buried with the dead. They are 

 less common in portions of the S. where 

 stone was not plentiful, and in the Pueblo 

 country, where the metate and muUer 

 were in general use. 



