236 



PETAIKUK PETUKQUNNUNK 



[e. a. e. 



Wooden pestles were used with wooden 

 mortars, and were often maul-shaped, al- 

 though both ends were sometimes en- 

 larged, the implement being so long as to 

 be held midway in its length, the oper- 

 ator standing upright. Very commonly 

 the smaller end was used in tlie mortar, 

 and the receptacle was deep and sharply 

 conical to suit. Schoolcraft illustrates an 

 ingenious use of pestles by the Indians of 

 New Hampshire, the implement being 

 suspended from the elastic branch of a 

 tree, by which means the arduous task of 

 lifting the heavy weight was avoided. 



For references to writings relating to 

 pestles, see Mortars. .(w. h. h.) 



Petaikuk {Petd'WXk, ' where the petai 

 [ash tree?] stands'). A former Pima 

 village in s. Arizona. — Russell, Pima MS., 

 B. A. E., 16, 1902. Cf. Pitac. 



Petale8haro(P/tor('s7)ar»,' chief of men'). 

 A Skidi Pawnee chief, son of Old Knife 

 (Letalesha), born about 1797. Long de- 

 scribes him as a man of fine physique 

 and prepossessing countenance, and as the 

 most intrepid warrior of his tribe. It was 

 he who, at one time, when his tribesmen 

 were assembled for the purpose of sacrific- 

 ing a captive Comanche woman, stepped 

 forward and declared that it was his 

 father's wish to abolish this practice, and 

 that he presente<l himself for the purpose 

 of laying down his own life on the spot 

 or of releasing the victim. He then cut 

 the thongs that bound the woman to a 

 cross, bore her swiftly through the crowd 

 to a horse, which he presented to her, 

 and, having mounted another himself, 

 conveyed her beyond the reach of innne- 

 diate pursuit; after having supplied her 

 with food, and admonishing her to make 

 the best of her way to her own tribe, 

 which was at the distance of at least 400 

 m., he returned to his village. "This 

 daring deed," says Long, "would, almost 

 to a certainty, have terminated in an un- 

 successful attempt under the arm of any 

 other warrior, and Petalesharo was, no 

 doubt, indebted for this successful and 

 noble achievement to the distinguished 

 renown which his feats of chivalry had 

 already gained for him and which com- 

 manded the high respect of all his rival 

 warriors." He signed, in behalf of his 

 tribe, the treaty of Grand Pawnee village 

 on Platte r., Nebr., Oct. 9, 1833, as Pe-tah- 

 lay-shah-rho. The treaty of Ta))le cr., 

 Nebr., Sept. 24, 1857, was signed by "Peta- 

 nesharo, the man and the chief." (c. t.) 



Petaluma. A former Moquelumnan vil- 

 lage about 2 m. e. of Petaluma, Sonoma 

 CO., Cal. (s. A. B. ) 



Petaluma.— Tavlor in Cal. Farmer, Mar. 30, 1860. 

 Yol-hios.— Ibid. 



Petangenikashika ('those who became 

 human beings by the aid of a crane'). 

 A C^uapaw gens. 



Crane gens.— Dorsey in 15th Rep. B. X. E., 229, 1897. 

 Pe'tai e'nikaci'jia. — Ibid. 



Petaniqwut. See Maliabittuh. 



Petao. A village or tribe mentioned by 

 Joutel as living in 1687 n. or n.w. of the 

 Maligne (Colorado) r., Texas. The re- 

 gion was the abode of Caddoan tribes, 

 and also of a few intrusive Tonka wan and 

 Karankawan Indians. The name seems 

 to have been mentioned to Joutel by the 

 Ebahamo Indians, who were probably af- 

 filiated with the Karankawa. (a. c. f. ) 

 Petao.— Joutel (1G87) in French, Hist. Coll. La., I, 

 138, 1846. Petaro.— Joutel (1687) in Margry, Dec, 

 in, 289, 1878. Petaz.— Shea in CharIevoi.x, New- 

 France, IV, 78, 1870. Petfares. — Barcia, En.iavo, 

 271, 1723. Petsare.— Joutel (1687) in Margry, D6c., 

 ni, 289, 1878. Petzare.— Joutel (1687) in French, 

 Hist. Coll. La., l, 152, 1846. 



Petchaleruhpaka ( Pe-tchale-ruh-pcV-ka, 

 'raven'). Given by Morgan (Anc. Soc, 

 159, 1877) as a gens of the Crow tribe, but 

 more probably it was a society or a local 

 band. 



Petchenanalas. See Buckongahelas. 



Petdelu. The extinct Turkey clan of 

 the former pueblo of Pecos, New ^Mexico. 

 Pe-dahl-lu.— Hewettin Am. Anthrop.,n. s.,vi,431, 

 1904. P'etdelu'+.— Hodge in Am. Anthrop., ix, 

 352, 1896 ( + = ash = 'people' ). 



Petenegowats, A Mono tribe formerly 

 living in Esmeralda co. , w. Nev. ; pop. 

 150 in 1870. They were found by Mer- 

 riam in 1903 just across the line, in Owens 



vallev. Cal. 



Ma-ha'-bit-tuh,— Powers, Inds. W. Nev., MS., B. A. 

 E., 1876 (= 'pine-nut eaters'). Owens Valley 

 Paiutes. — Merriam in Science, xix, 916, June 15, 

 1904.— Petenegowat Pah-TJtes. — Campbell in Ind. 

 Aff. Rep., 113, 1870. Petonaquats. — Merriam, op. 

 cit. Pet-tan-i-gwut. — Powers, op. cit. 



Peticado (probably Fr. Petit Caddo, 'lit- 

 tle, or lower, Caddo' ). The name given 

 by Mezieres in 1770 to one of the Caddoan 

 tribes between the Adai and the Kadoha- 

 dacho, in Texas. Having left the Adai, 

 Mezieres passed through the Yatasi vil- 

 lage, thence to the Peticado, thence to 

 the Kadohadacho. The context of the 

 reports makes it appear that the Peticado, 

 also called "the Cado," were nearer to 

 the Yatasi than to the Kadohadacho, and 

 that their village was on or near Red r. 

 At this time the Peticado village was dom- 

 inated by French traders, particularly one 

 Du Pain, who opposed the Spanish intru- 

 sion (Mezieres, Relazion, Oct. 21, 1770, 

 MS. in Archivo General, Provincias In- 

 ternas, 100; Fray Santa Maria to the 

 Viceroy, July 21, 1774, MS. in Archivo 

 General). (h. e. b.) 



Cados.— Carabaxal, Oct. 30. 1770, Relazion, op. cit. 

 Piticado.— Santa Maria, 1774, op. cit. 



Petkhaninibkashina ('crane people'). 

 A social division of the Osage, said by 

 Dorsev to be a subgens. 



Pe'tqa°"i'niqk'aci"'a.— Dorsey in 15th Rep. B. A. 

 E., 235, 1897. 



Petodseka { Pe-tod-se-ka, 'white spot'). 

 A Paviotso band formerly about Carson 

 and Walker lakes, w. Nev. — Dodge in 

 Ind. Aff. Rep. 1859, 374, 1860. 



Petroglyphs. See Pictographs. 



Petukqunnunk. See Tiichemuck. 



