240 



PI A PIANKASHAW 



[3. A. E. 



but these peculiarities must be charged 

 largely, if not entirely, to differences 

 in mental training and habits. The rea- 

 soning of the Indian and his ideation, 

 though modified by his views, have often 

 been shown to be excellent. His power 

 of imitation, and even of invention, are 

 good, as is his aptitude in several higher 

 arts and in oratory. An Indian child 

 reared under the care of whites, educated 

 in the schools of civilization, and with- 

 out having acquired the notions of its 

 people, is habitually much like a white 

 child trained in a similar degree under 

 similar conditions. 



Consult Boteler, Peculiarities of the 

 American Indian from a Physiological and 

 Pathological Standpoint, 1880-81; Mays, 

 Experimental Inquiry, 1887; Holder, Age 

 of Puberty of Indian Girls, 1890; Currier, 

 Study Relative to Functions of Reproduc- 

 tive Apparatus, 1891; Parker, Concerning 

 American Indian Womanhood, 1891-92; 

 Eleventh Census, Rep. on Indians, 1894; 

 Hrdlicka (1) Physical and Physiological 

 Observations on the Navaho, 1900, (2) 

 Bull. 34, B. A. E.^ 1908. See also the 

 bibliographies under Anatomy and Health 

 and Disease. (a. h.) 



Pia {Pi-d). A former Siuslaw village 

 on Siuslaw r., Oreg. — Dorsev in Jour.Am. 

 Folk-lore, in, 230, 1890. 



Piacaamanc. Arancheria, probably Co- 

 chimi, formerly connected with Purfsima 

 (Cadegomo) mission, which was near the 

 w. coast of Lower California, about lat. 

 26° 20^— Doc. Hist. Mex., 4th s., v, 189, 

 1857. 



Piachi. A walled town, probably of 

 the Choctaw, formerly on Tombigbee r., 

 w. Ala. ; visited by De Soto in 1540. Lewis 

 thinks it probable that it was on Black 

 Warrior r., Ala. 



Piache.— dentl. of Elvas (1557) in French, Hist. 

 Coll. La., n, 156, 1850. Piachi.— Gen tl. of Elvas in 

 Lewis, Exped. De Soto, 188, 1907. 



Piagadme. A rancheria, probably Co- 

 chimi, formerly connected with Purfsima 

 (Cadegomo) mission. Lower California. — 

 Doc. Hist. Mex., 4th s., v, 189, 1857. 



Piamato. A pueblo of the Tigua or the 

 Tewa of New Mexico in 1598. 

 Piamato.— Onate (1598) in Doc. InM., xvi, 102, 

 1871. Xiomato.— Ibid., 116. 



Pianbotinu {Pidnhotinu-taiina, 'white 

 mountain people ' ) . A clan of the pueblo 

 of Taos, N. Mex. — Hodge, field notes, 

 B. A. E., 1899. 



Piankashaw (possibly connected with 

 Paiiangitchaki, 'those who separate,' from 

 pevangiani, 'I separate from,' according 

 to Gatschet; the Miami form, according 

 to J. P. Dunn, is Pay iingglsh^ all). Form- 

 erly a subtribe of the Miami, but later 

 a separate people. In an account of the 

 rivers and peoples of the W., La Salle, 

 about 1682, mentions the Piankashaw as 

 one of the tribes gathered about his Illi- 

 nois fort; these were bands brought from 



their usual habitat. In the account by 

 Cadillac (1695) they are spoken of as 

 being w. of the Miami village on St Joseph 

 r., Mich., with the Mascoutens, Kickapoo, 

 and other tribes. It is probable they were 

 then on Vermillion r., in Indiana and 

 Illinois. St Cosme (1699) says that the 

 village of the Peanzichias Miamis was on 

 Kankakee r.. 111., but that they formerly 

 lived on the INIississippi. They had pos- 

 sibly been driven w. by the Iroquois. 

 Their ancient village was on the Wabash 

 at the junction of the Vermillion; at a 

 later period they established another set-* 

 tlement, Chippekawkay, lower down the 

 river, at the presentsiteof AMncennes, Ind. 

 About 1770 they gave permission to the 

 Delawares to occupy the e. part of their 

 territory. Chauvignerie (1736) says that 

 the Wea, the Piankashaw, and the Pepi- 

 cokia were the same nation in different vil- 

 lages, and givesthedeeras the Piankashaw 

 totem. In the beginning of the present 

 century they and the Wea l)egan to cross 

 over into Missouri, and in 1832 the two 

 tribes sold all their claims in the E. and 

 agreed to remove to Kansas as one tribe. 

 About 1854 the consolidated tribe united 

 with the remnant of the Illinois, then 

 known as Peoria and Kaskaskia, and in 

 1867 the entire body sold their lands in 

 Kansas and removed to the present Okla- 

 homa, where they are now known under 

 the name of Peoria. The Piankashaw 

 made or participated in treaties with the 

 United States at Greenville, O., Aug. 3, 

 1795; Ft Wayne, Ind., June 7, 1803; Vin- 

 cennes, Ind., Aug. 7, 1803, Aug. 27, 1804, 

 and Dec. 30, 1805; Portage des Sioux, 

 Mo., July 18, 1815; Vincennes, Ind., 

 Jan. 3, 1818 (not ratified) ; Castor Hill, 

 Mo., Oct. 29, 1832; Washington. D. C, 

 May 30, 1854, and Feb. 23, 1867. 



The Piankashaw probably never num- 

 bered many more than 1,000 souls. In 

 1736 Chauvignerie estimated the Pianka- 

 shaw, Wea, and Pepicokia together at 

 about 1,750. In 1759 the Piankashaw 

 alone were estimated at 1,500, and five 

 years later at 1,250. This was reduced to 

 950 in 1780, and 800 in 1795. In 1825 

 there were only 234 remaining, and in 

 1906 all the tribes consolidated under the 

 name of Peoria numbered but 192, none 

 of whom was of pure blood. (j. m.) 

 Hopungieasaw. — Woodward, Reminisc, 23, 1859 

 ('dancing Indians,' from opunga, 'to dance': 

 Creek name). Hopungiesas. — Ibid., 94. Miaii- 

 kish.— Gatschet, Caddo MS., B. A. E., 1884 (Caddo 

 name). Payangitchaki. — Gatschet, Miami MS., 

 B.A. E., 1888 (correct Miamiform). Peahushaws. — 

 McKenney and Hall, Ind. Tribes, in, 79, 1854. 

 Peanghichia.— La Salle (1682) in Margry, Dec, ll, 

 201, 1877. Peanguicheas. — McKenney and Hall, 

 Ind. Tribes, op. cit. Peanguichias. — Doc. of 1718 

 in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., ix, 891, 1855. Peanguis- 

 chias.— Bcauharnois (1745), ibid., x, 25, 1858. 

 Peanguiseins. — Cadillac (1695) in Margry, DC'C, V, 

 124, 1883. Peankshaws. — Lang and Taylor, Rep., 23, 

 1843. Peanquichas. — Chauvignerie (1736) quoted 

 by Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, lll, 555, 1853. Pean- 

 zichias Miamis. — St Cosme (1699) quoted by Shea, 



