250 



PILIDQUAY PILLAGERS 



Lb. a. e. 



Venice' ) received its name from tlie fact 

 that the native dwellings, like those of 

 Venice, were built in the midst of the 

 waters. Dwellings of this type are still 

 used by natives of the Venezuelan lagoons, 

 and the Indians of Florida, occupying 

 lands subject to overflow, build houses of 

 nearly identical construction. As de- 

 scribed by MacCauley, the typical Semi- 

 nole house is approximately 9x16 ft 

 in horizontal extent and is made partly 

 or wholly of products of the palmetto 

 tree. Eight palmetto piles support 

 the roof, which is strongly framed of 

 poles and thatched wdth leaves of the 

 same tree, the eaves being about 7 ft 

 and the ridge pole about 12 ft from the 

 ground. The platform is 3 or 4 ft from 

 the ground and is supported by split pal- 

 metto logs lying transversely, flat side 

 up, upon beams which extend lengthwise 



I. I 





ESKIMO FISHERMAN'S SUMMER HOUSE, ALASKA. (nELSOn) 



of the building, and are lashed to the up- 

 rights with ropes of palmetto fiber. The 

 thatching of the roof is quite a work of 

 art inside, the regular laying of the leaves 

 displaying much skill and taste on the 

 part of the builder. The sides are open 

 at all seasons of the year. In recent years 

 traces of pile dwellings have been dis- 

 covered by Gushing on Key Marco, on 

 the gulf coast of Florida, and he was of the 

 opinion that the key dwellers generally 

 built their villages in this manner, dig- 

 ging artificial canals and water courts 

 to accommodate their boats, and erecting 

 mounds and ]ilatforms for the more am- 

 bitious religious and civic structures. A 

 unique use of timbers in the construction 

 of habitations is observed on the island 

 of St Michael, Alaska, where the Eskimo 

 fishermen have built ])ile dwellings against 

 the rugged and precipitous cliffs far above 



the reach of the waves. Niblack refers 

 to houses raised on high logs or stilts. 

 He states that, "according to Vancouver, 

 amongst the Kwakiutlof Johnstone strait, 

 there were dwellings 'raised and sup- 

 ported near 30 ft. from the ground by 

 perpendicular spars of very large size' 

 with 'access formed by a long tree in an 

 inclined position from the platform to 

 the ground, with notches cut in it by 

 way of steps about a foot and a half 

 asunder.'" According to Boas the Bel- 

 lacoola also erected pile dwellings. See 

 A rchiteclure, CUff-diveUings, Habitations. 



Consult Gushing in Proc. Am. Philos. 

 Soc, 1896; MacCauley in 5th Rep. B.A.E., 

 1887; Nelson in 18th Rep. B. A. E., 1899; 

 Niblack in Rep. Nat. Mus. 1888, 1890. 

 Vancouver, Voy., 1801. (w. h. h. ) 



Pilidquay. A Chumashan village on 

 one of the Santa Barbara ids., Cal., prob- 

 ably Santa Rosa, in 1542. 



Peledquey.— Taylor in Cal. Farmer, Apr. 17, 1863. 

 Pilidquay, — Cabrillo, Narr. (1542), in Smith, Colec. 

 Doc. Fla., 186, 1857. 



Pilingmiut. A tribe of Eskimo in w. 

 Baffinland, on the n. e. coast of Fox 

 basin. Their village is Piling, whence 

 their name. 



Peelig.— Parry, Sec. Voy., 365, 449, 1824 (the vil- 

 lage). Piling.— Boas in 6th Rep. B. A. E., 444, 

 1888 (the village). Pilingmiut.— Ibid, (the tribe). 



Pillagers (translation of their own 

 name, Md kXmdwdmriinlwug , 'robber peo- 

 ple,' so called because at one time 

 they were the most formidable robbing 

 unit of the Chippewa. — W. J.). A divi- 

 sion of the Chippewa, formerly living in 

 N. Minnesota on Leech and Ottertail lakes 

 and in the intermediate country. They 

 are now gathered on the reservation at 

 Leech lake, formerly their principal ren- 

 dezvous, and on White Earth res. They 

 formed the advance guard of the Chip- 

 pewa in the invasion of the Sioux coun- 

 try, establishingthemselves first on Leech 

 lake, and gradually pushing westward 

 from that point. Mor.se (Rep. to Sec. 

 War, 32, 1822) says these Indians w' ere in 

 bands, each having its own chief. The 

 Pillagers made or joined in treaties with 

 the United States at Leech lake, Minn. , 

 Aug. 21, 1847, and at Washington, D. C, 

 Feb. 22, 1855, Mar. 11, 1863, and May 7, 

 1864. In 1855 they numbered about 

 1,200, under 7 chiefs. In 1884 they were 

 reported at 1,556. The official census for 

 1906 makes the number 2,377: 837 Leech 

 Lake and 464 Cass and Winibigoshish Pil- 

 lagers at Leech lake, and 726 Ottertail, 

 289 Leech Lake Pillagers, and 61 Cass and 

 W^inibigoshish at White Earth. 



Chippeways of Leach Lake. — Lewis and Clark, 

 Discov., 28, 1806. Cypowais plunderers. — Beltrami 

 quoted by Neill, Hist. Minn. ,372, 1858. Ma'kandwa- 

 wininiwag. — Wm. .lones.inf'n, 1905 (correct form). 

 Makandwewininiwag. — Baraga Otchipwe-Eng. 

 Diet., 207, 1880 (from Makandw6wini, a pillager: 

 Chippewa name). Muk-im-dua-win-in-e-wug. — 

 Warren (1852) in Minn. Hist. Soc. Coll., v, 256, 1885. 

 Mukkundwas. — Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, v, 145, 1865. 



