BULL. 30] 



PIMA PIMAN FAMILY 



253 



officers are assisted by village councils, 

 which do not appoint representatives to 

 the tribal councils, which are composed of 

 the village chiefs. The office of head- 

 chief is not hereditary, but is elected by 

 the village chiefs. Descent is traced in 

 the male line, and there are live groups 

 that bear some resemblance to gentes, 

 though they exert no influence on mar- 

 riage laws, nor is marriage within the 

 group, or gens, prohibited (Russell, Pima 

 MS., B. A. E., 313-15, 1903). These five 

 groups are Akol, Maam, Vaaf, Apap, and 

 Apuki. The first three are known as 

 Vultures or Red People, the other two as 

 Coyotes or White People. They are also 

 spoken of respectively as Suwuki Ohimal 

 ( ' Red Ants ' ) and Stoam Ohimal ( ' White 

 Ants'). 



The Pima language is marked by the 

 constant use of radical reduplication for 

 forming the nominal and verbal plural. 

 It is also distinguished by a curious laryn- 

 geal pronunciation of its gutturals, which 

 strangers can imitate only with great 

 difficulty. 



The Pima within the United States 

 are gathered with Papago and Maricopa 

 on the Gila River and Salt River res. 

 The Pima population was 3,936 in 1906; 

 in 1775 Father Garcia estimated the 

 Pima of the Gila at 2,500. Their sub- 

 divisions and settlements have been re- 

 corded as follows, those marked with an 

 asterisk being the only ones that are not 

 extinct. Some of the names are possibly 

 duplicated. 



Agua Escondida(?), Agua Fria(?), 

 Aquitun, Aranca, Arenal(?), Arivaca(?), 

 Arroyo Grande, Bacuancos, Bisani, 

 *Blackwater, Bonostac, Busanic, Cacha- 

 nila(?), *Casa Blanca, Cerrito, Cerro 

 Chiquito, Chemisez, Chupatak, *Chutik- 

 wuchik, Chuwutukawutuk, Cocospera, 

 Comae, Estancia, Gaibanipitea(?), Gutu- 

 bur, * Harsanykuk, * Hermho, * Hiatam, 

 Hormiguero (?), Hueso Parado, *Huchil- 

 tchik, Imuris, Judac, *Kamatukwucha, 

 Kamit, * Kawoltukwucha, Kikimi, Kook- 

 xipvansik, Mange, Merced, Nacameri, 

 Napeut, Ocuca, Oquitoa, Ormejea, Oska- 

 kumukchochikam, *Oskuk, *Peepchiltk, 

 Pescadero, Petaikuk, Pintados (?), Pi- 

 tac(?), Potlapiguas, Remedios, *Rsanuk, 

 *Rsotuk, *Sacaton, San Andres Coata, 

 San Fernando, San Francisco Ati, San 

 Francisco de Pima, San Serafin, *Santan, 

 Santos Angeles, *Saopuk, Sepori, *Sha- 

 kaik, *Statannyik, Stukamasoosatick, 

 Sudacson,*Tatsituk, Taumaturgo, Tubus- 

 cabors, Tucson ( mixed ), Tucubavia, Tutue- 

 tac(?), Uturituc, * Wechurt. (f. w. h. ) 

 A' -a'tam.— Russell, Pima MS., B. A. E.,.8, 1902 

 'own name: 'men,' 'the people'). A' -a'tam 

 A'kimult. — Ibid, ('river people'; used to distin- 

 guish themselves from the Papago). A'kemorl- 

 Oohtam.— ten Kate, Reizen, 24, 1885 ('river 

 people': own name). Aquira-Otam. — Bandelierin 

 Arcli. Inst. Papers, in, 103, 1890 (or Pimas proper). 



Arizonian Pimas. — Bandelier, ibid., .54. Aw-o- 

 tum. — Grossman, Pima and Papago voeab., B. A. 

 E., 1871 (own name). Gila Pimas. — Font (1775) 

 cited by Sehoolcraft, Ind. tribes, in, 301, 1853. 

 Jatapaina.— Garcos (1770), Diary, 40'2, 1900 (Yava- 

 pai name). Narsh-/(i'-a.— White, Apache Names 

 of Ind. Tribes, MS., B. A. E. ('live in mud houses': 

 Apache name). Nashteise. — White, Apache vo- 

 eab., B. A. E., 1875 (Apache name). Northern 

 Pimas.— Bandelier, Gilded Man, 150, 176, 1893 

 (Ootam, or). Ohotoma. — Velarde in Doc. Hist. 

 Mex., 4th s., I, 34.5, 18.56 (own name; pi. form). 

 Ootam.— Bandelier, Gilded Man, 150, 176, 1893. 

 Otama. — Velarde in Doc. Hist. Mex., 4th s., i, 345, 

 1856 (own name; sing. form). Paymas. — Venegas, 

 Hist. Cal., I, 286, 1759. Pema.— U. S. Statutes 

 at Large, ii, 401, 1863. Pemos.— White, MS. 

 Hist. Apaches, B. A. E., 1875. Pijmos. — Galla- 

 tin in Trans. Am. Ethnol. Soc, ii, Ixxxix. 1S48. 

 Pimahaitu.— 18th cent. MS. quoted by B. SmitftM> 

 Shea, Lib. Am. Ling., in, 7, 1861. Pimas.— KiftO 

 (1692) in Doc. Hist. Mex., 4th s., i, 226, 1856. 

 Pimases. — De I'lsle, Map Am. Sept., 1700. Pimas 

 Gilenos. — Font (1775) in Ternaux-Compans, Voy., 

 IX, 384, 1838 (=Pima of Gila r.). Pimas Ilenos.— 

 Hinton, Handbook to Ariz., map, 1878. Pime. — 

 Hervas, Idea dell' Universo, xvii, 75, 1784. Pim- 

 era.— Venegas, Hist. Cal., i, 408, 17.59 (the tribal 

 range; misprint of Pimeria). Pimes. — Alcedo, 

 Dice. Geog., IV, 218, 1788 (also Pimas). Pi- 

 mese.— Morse, Hi.st. Am., 68, 1798. Pimez.— Tay- 

 lor in Cal. Farmer, Apr. 11, 1862. Pimi.— Clavi- 

 jero, Storia della Cal., l, '260, 1789. Pimicas.— 

 Sedelmayr (1746) quoted by Bandelier in Arch. 

 Inst. Papers, in, 74, 1890; Villa-Seiior, Theatre 

 Am., pt. 2, 408, 1748. Pimo. — .lohnston in Emory, 

 Recon., 598,1848. Pimo Galenos. — Mayer, Mexico, 

 II, 300, 1853 ( = Pimas Gilenos). Pimoles.— Stiat- 

 ton.Captiv. Oatman Girls, 49, 1857. PimosIUnos. — 

 Hinton, Handbook to Arizona, 27, 1878 (=Pimas 

 Gilenos). Pincos.— Marcy, Prairie Trav., 307, 1861 

 (misprint). Pininos. — Smart in Smithson. Rep. 

 1868, 417, 1869. Pipos-altos.— Mayer, Mex., Il, 38, 

 18.53 (misprint). Pimas. — Venegas, Hist. Cal., ii, 

 208,1759 (misprint). Pomo.— Emory, Recon., pi., 

 84, 1848 (mi.sprint). Primahaitu. — 18th cent. doc. 

 quoted by B. Smith in Shea, Lib. Am. Ling., in, 

 7, 1861 (mistake for Pimahaitu, sig. 'nothing'; ap- 

 plied erroneouslv). Puma. — Brackenridge, Mex. 

 Letters, 83, 18.t0 (also Pimo). Saikine.— Gat- 

 schet, Pinal Apache MS., B. A. E., 1883 ('living 

 in sand [adobe] houses': Apache name). Sai- 

 kinne. — ten Kate, Reizen in N. A., 197, 1885 

 ('sand houses': Apache name). Si-ke-na. — 

 White, MS. Hist. Apaches, B. A. E., 1876 (Apache 

 name for Pima, Papago, and Maricopa). Simas. — 

 Domenech, Deserts, ii, 305, 1860 (mi,sprint). 

 Techpas.— ten Kate, Reizen, 160, 1885 (Maricopa 

 name). Texpas'. — ten Kate, Synonomie, 5, 1884 

 (Maricopa name). Tihokahana. — Gatschet,Yuma- 

 Sprachstamm, 86, 1886 (Yavapai name). Tze- 

 kinne. — Bourke In Jour. Am. Folk-lore, in, 114, 

 1890 ( 'stone-house people': Apachename). Widshi 

 iti'kapa. — White quoted by Gatschet, Yuma MS., 

 B. A. E. (Tonto-Yuma name). Ze-gar'-kin-a. — 

 White, Apache Names of Ind. Tribes, MS., B. A. 

 E. ('live in villages': Apache name). 



Fiman Family. One of the northern 

 branches of the Nahuatl or Aztec family of 

 Buschmann, and of the Sonoran branch 

 of the Uto-Aztecan family of Brinton, but 

 regarded by Pow^ell as a distinct linguistic 

 stock. Theextensive ramifications which 

 the former authorities assign to this 

 group, in which they include also the Sho- 

 shonean tribes, are not yet accepted as 

 fully proven. With the exception of most 

 of the Pima, part of the Papago, and the 

 now extinct Sobaipuri, all the tribes com- 

 posing this family inhabit or inhabited 

 N. w. Mexico, including the greater por- 

 tions of the states of Sonora, Chihuahua, 

 Sinaloa, and Durango, as well as parts of 

 Jalisco and Zacatecas. Besides the tribes 



