BULL. 30] 



PINALENOS PINCERS 



255 



uttering each word in a sweet, pleasant 

 tone. He noted also their light-hearted, 

 childish ways and timid manner, their 

 pleasant expression of countenance, and 

 the beauty of their women. Married 

 women tattooed their chins in three blue 

 vertical Unes running from the lower lip. 

 Pinal Coyotero.— Stet'k in Ind. Aff. Rep. 1859,340, 

 1860. Pinal Coyotero.— Steck in Cal. Farmer, 

 June 5, 1SG3. Pinals Apaches. — Ind. Aff. Rep. 

 1809, 94, 1870. 



Pinalefios ( Span : ' pinery people ' ) . A 

 division of the Apache, evidently more 

 closely related to the Chiricahua than 

 to any other group. Their principal seat 

 was formerly the Pinaleno mts., s. of 

 Gila r., s. e. Arizona, but their raids 

 extended far into Sonora and Chihua- 

 hua, Mexico. They were noted for their 

 warlike character and continued their 

 hostility toward the United States (not- 

 withstanding 1,051, including Arivaipa, 

 were on the San Carlos reserve in 1876), 

 until forced by Gen. George Crook to 

 surrender in 1883. They are now under 

 the San Carlos and Ft Apache agencies, 

 Ariz., being officially known as Pinals, 

 but their numbers are not separately re- 

 ported. The Pinalefios and the Pinal 

 Coyoteros have often been confused. See 

 Apache. 



Chokonni. — Bourke in Jour. Am. Folk-lore, in, 

 115, 1890 (= 'juniper,' a Chiricahua division). 

 Ha-hwad'-ja. — Corbusier, Apache-Mojave and 

 Apache-Yuma vocab., B. A. E., 1875 (Yavapai 

 name). Ha-hwadsha. — Gatschct, Yuma-Spr., ii, 

 124, 1883 (Yavapai name). Penal Apaches. — White, 

 MS. Hist. Apaches, B. A. E.. 1875. Pendena.— 

 Ind. Aff. Rep., 122, 1801. Pimal.— Ind. Aff. Rep., 

 306, 1877. Pinal.— Bartlett, Pers. Niirr., I, 308, 1854 

 ( = Piflols, = Pinalefios). Pinal.— Ind. Aff. Rep., 

 187, 1858. Pinal Apache.— Ind. Aff. Rep., 141, 1808. 

 Pinal Apachen.— Ind. Aff. Rep., 209, 1875 (mis- 

 print). Pinaleno. — Gibbs, letter to Higgins. 1866. 

 Pinalefios.— Bartlett, Pers. Narr., i, 308, 18.54 ( = Pi- 

 nal,=Pinols). Pinalino. — Bancroft, Nat. Races, 

 V, index, 1874. Pinal Lenas. — Whipple in Pac. 

 R. R. Rep., ni, pt. 3, 119, 18.56. Pinal Leno.— Tur- 

 ner, ibid., 81. Pinal Leno. — Haines, Am. Ind., 

 159, 1888. Pinal Llanos. — Browne, Apache Coun- 

 trv, 290, 1809. Pinelores. — Hamilton, Mexican 

 Handbook, 48, 1883. Pinery.— Gatschet, Zvvolf 

 Sprachen, 65, 1876. Pinoleno. — Mollhausen, Tage- 

 buch, 146, 1.8.58. Pinolero.— Emory, Recon., 78, 1848 

 (trans, 'pinole-eaters')- Pinoles. — Haines, Am. 

 Ind., 159, 1888. Pifiol-Indianer.— Mollhausen, 

 Tagebuch, 146-147, 18.58. Pinols.— Morgan in N. 

 A. Rev., 58, 1870. Pinols.— Bartlett, Pers. Narr., 

 1, 308, 1854 ( = Pinal, = PinaIenos). Piiion Lano.— 

 Emory, Recon., 78, 1848 (=piiion wood tribe'; 

 regarded as distinct from Pinoleros, ' pinole- 

 eaters'). Pinon, Lanos. — Haines, Am. Ind., 159, 

 1888. Pinon Llano Apaches. — Parke, Map N. Mex., 

 18.51. Tchi-kiin'. — Corbusier, Apache Mohave and 

 Apache Y'uma vocab., B. A. E., 1875. Tinalenos. — 

 Haines, Am. Ind., 134, 1888 (misprint). 



Finanaca. An unidentified tribe, met 

 by Fernando del Bosque in Texas, in 1675, 

 about 7 leagues n. of the Rio Grande. 

 They are possibly the Pamaque. 

 Pinanacas. — Bosque (1675) in Nat. Geog. Mag., 

 XIV, 344, 1903. Pinnancas.— Ibid., 340. 



Pinashiu {Pindsh'iu, 'bald eagle'). A 

 subphratry or gens of the Menominee. — 

 Hoffman in 14th Rep. B. A. E., pt. 1, 42, 

 1896. 



Finawan ('windy place'). A ruined 

 I)ueblo of the Zufii, about IJ m. s. w. of 



Zuni pueblo, on the road to Ojo Caliente, 

 N. Mex. The name has been associatecl 

 with Aquinsa, mentioned by On ate in 

 1598, on account of the possible misprint- 

 ing of Apinawa, a form of the name IMna- 

 wan, but there is no other evidence, and 

 the ruins have every appearance of being 

 those of a prehistoric village. For plan 

 and description see Mindeleff in 8th Rep. 

 B. A. E., 86, 1891. (f. w. h.) 



A'-pi-na.— Gushing in Proe. Cong. Int. Am4r., vii, 

 1.56, 1890 (or Pi'-na-wan). A-pinaua. — Bandelier 

 in Jour. Am. Eth. and Arch., iii, 84, 1892. Pia- 

 naua.— Peet in Am. Antiq., xvil, 352, 189.2 (mis- 

 print). Pin-a-au. — Fewkes in Jour. Am. Eth. and 

 Arch., I, 101, note, 1891. Pinana. — Bandelier, 

 Gilded Man, 195, 1893. Pi-na-ua. —Bandelier in 

 Revue d'Ethnog.,201, 1886. Pin-a-ua.— Bandelier 

 in Arch. Inst. Papers, ni, 133, 1890. Pi'-na-wa.— 

 Gushing in Millstone, x, "22, Feb. 1885. Pi-na-wan. — 

 Ibid., 4, Jan. 1885. Town of the Winds.— Ibid., 2. 

 Village of the Winds.— Gushing, Zuni Folk Tales, 

 104, 1901. 



Finbitho ('deer spring'). A Navaho 

 clan. 



Pinbifb'. — Matthews in Jour. Am. Folk-lore, in, 

 103, 1890. Pi"bipb^ine.— Ibid. Pi/i bi?6'. — Mat- 

 thews, Navaho Legends, 30, 1897. Pin bi?6' dine'. — 

 Ibid. 



Fincers. Little or nothing exists to 

 show that the Indians had pincers before 

 the coming of white men, though the 

 presence of this tool generally among less 

 modified tribes argues its employment 

 in precolumbian times, and specimens 

 have not survived because the elastic 

 properties of wood or horn were doubt- 

 less utilized in the manufacture of pincers 

 and these sub.stances easily decay. Tribes 

 in the environment of the prickly-pear 

 {Opuntia) handled its spiny fruit with 

 pincers made of a single piece of elastic 

 withe moistened and bent over into the 

 jiroper form, or a straight stick with a 

 wide slit extending almost its entire 

 length, after the fashion of a clothespin. 

 Tribes which used hot stones for cooking 

 or for the sweat-bath usually handled 

 them with pincers of bent wood or of two 

 pieces of wood held together near one 

 end with a ring of tough splint, or the 

 pincers were merely two sticks held one 

 in each hand. 



Small pincers or tweezers were almost 

 universally used, on account of the cus- 

 tom of removing coarse hair from the 

 body, and it is probable that the primi- 

 tive form was two valves of shell or simply 

 two small pieces of wood, bone, or horn. 

 Later they were commonly home-made 

 of a bit of sheet-iron or brass, but the 

 trader found the commercial article a de- 

 sirable addition to his stock. The Ntlak- 

 yapamuk of Thompson r., Brit. Col., 

 have pincers made of two pieces of horn, 

 in construction like the pincers for han- 

 dling hot stones, or made of a single piece 

 of wood or copper. 



Consult Holmes in Nat. Mus. Rep. 

 1900, pi. 15, 33, 1901 ; Teit in Mem. Am. 

 Mus. Nat. Hist, i, pt. iv, p. 227, j\Iay 

 1900. (w. H. ) 



