BtJLL. SO] 



PIEOS 



261 



treaty of Greenville in 1795, after which 

 the Shawnee retired to Wapakoneta. See 

 Howe, Hist. Coll. Ohio, 1896-98. For 

 synonyms see Piqua, above. (j. m. ) 



little Pickaway.— Flint, Ind. Wars, 151, 1833. Pik- 

 kawa. — Hannar (1790) quoted by Rupp, West. 

 Penn.,app., 227, 1846. 



Piros. Formerly one of the principal 

 Pueblo tribes of New Mexico, which in 

 the early part of the 17th century com- 

 prised two divisions, one inhabiting the 

 Rio Grande valley from the present town 

 of San Marcial, Socorro co., northward 

 to within about 50 m. of Albuquerque, 

 where the Tigua settlements began; the 

 other division, sometimes called Tompi- 

 ros and Salineros, occupying an area e. 

 of the Rio Grande in the vicinity of the 

 salt lagoons, or salinas, where they ad- 

 joined the eastern group of Tigua settle- 

 ments on the s. The western or Rio 

 Grande branch of the tribe was visited 

 by members of Coronado's expedition in 

 1540, by Chamuscado in 1580, by Espejo 

 in 1583 (who found them in 10 villages 

 along the river and in others near by), 

 by Ofiate in 1598, and by Benavides in 

 1621-30, the latter stating that they were 

 in 14 pueblos along the river. Judging 

 froni the numerous villages of the prov- 

 ince of Atripuy (q. v. ) mentioned by 

 Onate, which ajspears to have been the 

 name applied to the range of the Rio 

 Grande division of the Piros, Benavides' 

 number does not seem to be exaggerated. 

 The estalilishment of missions among the 

 Piros began in 1626. In that year the 

 most southerly church and monastery in 

 New Mexico were built at Senecii by 

 Arteaga and Zuniga (to whom are at- 

 tributed the planting of the first vines 

 and the manufacture of wine in this re- 

 gion ) , and during the same year missions 

 at Sevilleta, Socorro, and probably also 

 at Alamillo were founded. It is not im- 

 probable that the Piros of the Rio Grande, 

 although said to numljer 6,000 in 1630, 

 were already seriously harassed by the 

 persistent hostility of the Apache, for 

 Sevilleta had been depopulated and de- 

 stroyed by fire "in consequence of inter- 

 tribal wars" prior to the establishment 

 of the missions, and was not resettled 

 until about 1626. Moreover, the 14 vil- 

 lages along the Rio Grande occupied 

 by the Piros in 1630 were reduced to 4 

 half a century later. "This was due not 

 only to the efforts of the missionaries to 

 gather their flock into larger pueblos," 

 says Bandelier, "but also to the danger 

 to which these Indians were exposed 

 from the Apaches of the 'Perrillo' and 

 the 'Gila,' as the southern bands of that 

 restless tribe were called." 



The area occupied by the Piros of the 

 Salinas extended from the pueblo of Abo 

 s. E. to and including the pueblo of Tabira, 

 commonly but improperly called "Gran 



Quivira," a distance of about 25 m. The 

 habitat of the eastern Piros was even 

 more desert in character than that of the 

 eastern Tigua, which bounded it on the 

 N., for the Arroyo de Abo, on which Abo 

 pueblo was situated, was the only peren- 

 nial stream in the region, the inhabitants 

 of Tabira and Tenabo depending entirely 

 on the storage of rain water for their sup- 

 ply. In addition to the 3 pueblos named, 

 it is not improbable that the now ruined 

 villages known by the Spanish names 

 Pueblo Blanco, Pueblo Colorado, and 

 Pueblo de la Parida were among the 11 

 inhabited settlements of the Salinas seen 

 by Chamuscado in 1580, but at least 3 

 of this number were occupied by the 

 Tigua. Juan de Onate, in 1598, also 

 visited the pueblos of the Salinas, and to 

 Fray Francisco de San Miguel, a chaplain 

 of Onate' s army, was assigned the Piros 

 country as part of his mission district. 

 The headquarters of this priest being at 

 Pecos, it is not likely that much active 

 mission work was done among the Piros 

 during his incumbency, which covered 

 only about 3 years. The first actual mis- 

 sions among the Piros pueblos of the 

 Salinas were established in 1629 by Fran- 

 cisco de Acevedo at Abo and Tabira, and 

 probably also at Tenabo, but before the 

 massive- walletl churches and monasteries 

 were completed, the village dwellers of 

 both the Salinas and the Rio (irande suf- 

 fered so seriously from the depredations 

 of the Apache, that Senecu on the Rio 

 Grande, as well as every pueblo of 

 the Salinas, was deserted before the 

 Pueblo insurrection of 1680. Prior to 

 the raid on Senecu by the Apache in 

 1675, 6 of the inhabitants of that village 

 were executed for the massacre of the 

 alcalde-mayor and 4 other Spaniards. 

 Probably on account of the fear with 

 which the Spaniards were known to be 

 regarded by the Piros after this occur- 

 rence, they were not invited by the 

 northern Pueblos to participate in the 

 revolt against the Spaniards in 1680; 

 consequently when Otermin, the gov- 

 ernor, retreated from Santa Fe to El Paso 

 in that year, he was joined by neaidy all 

 the inhabitants of Socorro, Sevilleta, and 

 Alamillo. These, with the former occu- 

 pants of Senecu, who, since the destruc- 

 tion of their village by the Apache had 

 resided at Socorro, were afterward estab- 

 lished in the new villages of Socorro, 

 Texas, and Senecu del Sur in Chihua- 

 hua, on the Rio Grande below El Paso, 

 where their remnants still survive. In 

 attempting to recontjuer New Mexico in 

 the following year, Otermin caused Ala- 

 millo to be burned, because the few re- 

 maining inhabitants fled on his approach. 

 Only 3 families remained at Sevilleta 

 when the Spaniards retreated, but these 



