BULL. 30] 



POKAIOSUM POLISHING IMPLEMENTS 



275 



the Woods)," an account of the wooing 

 of his first wife, and at the World's Fair 

 in Chicago, in 1893, "The Red Man's 

 Greeting," a booklet of birch-bark. He 

 was a poet, and the last of his verses, 

 both in its English and Potawatomi ver- 

 sions, appeared in the Chicago Inter- 

 Ocean, Jan. 23, 1899, just before his death. 

 Pokagon was credited with ably manag- 

 ing the affairs of his 300 tribesmen scat- 

 tered through Michigan, and, inspired 

 by enlightened views, was the means of 

 promoting their welfare. He pressed 

 and finally collected a Potawatomi claim 

 for $150,000 from the United States. He 

 was a man of sturdy character, unosten- 

 tatious in manner, of simple habit, and a 

 consistent Catholic. A monument has 

 been erected by the citizens of Chicago 

 in Jackson Park to the memory of Simon 

 and his father. (c. t.) 



Pokaiosum {Po'kaio'sum, 'slide'). A 

 Squawmish village on the left bank of 

 Squawmisht r., Brit. Col. — Hill-Tout in 

 Rep. B. A. A. S., 474, 1900. 



Pokanoket. The principal settlement 

 of the Wampanoag tribe, and the resi- 

 dence of Massasoit and King Philip; sit- 

 uated on the E. side of Narragansett bay, 

 jon the Bristol peninsula, Rhode Id. The 

 site has been variously described as at 

 Mount Hope, Bristol, Warren, and Bar- 

 rington, all of which may easily be cor- 

 rect, as Indian settlements were seldom 

 compactly built, and all the places 

 named are within 3 m. of a central point. 

 The etymology of the name is uncertain, 

 one writer making it mean 'a wood,' 

 while another makes it 'a clearing,' 

 and a third 'land over the water.' It 

 was also sometimes known to the Eng- 

 lish under variant forms of Sowams, 

 which Tooker, with apparent reason, 

 makes a general term for 'southwest' 

 (i. e. from Plymouth), rather than the 

 specific name of a settlement. It was 

 abandoned on the breaking out of King 

 Philip's war in 1675. A brochure, Mas- 

 sasoit' s Town Sowams in Pokanoket, by 

 Virginia Baker, was issued at Warren in 

 1904. (,i. M. ) 



Chawum.— Smith (1616) in Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll., 3d 

 .s., VI, 108. 1837. Chawun.— Ibid., 119. Pacanacot.— 

 Prince (1632\ ibid., 2d s., vil, 58,1818. Pacanau- 

 kett.— Dot', of 1668, ibid., iv, 266, 1816. Pacanaw- 

 kite.— Bradford (m. 1650), ibid., 4th s., ni, 97, 1856. 

 Pacanokik. — Prince (1633) quoted by Freeman, 

 ibid., 1st s., viii, 159, 1802. Packanbki.— Dee in 

 Smith (1629), Va., ii, 227, repr. 1819. Packano- 

 kick.— Mourt (1622) in Mass. Hist. Soe. Coll., 2d s., 

 IX, 27, 1822. Paconekick— Smith (1631), ibid., 3d s., 

 111,22,1,833. Pakanawkett.— Record of 1673 quoted 

 by Drake, Bk. Inds., bk.3, 16, 1848. Pakanoki.— 

 DeeinSmith (1629), Va., ii, 227, repr. 1819. Pakano- 

 kick.— Mourt (1622) inMass. Hist. Soc. Coll., Ists., 

 VIII, 235, 1802. Paukanawket.— Deed of 1646 in R. I. 

 Col. Rec, 1, 31, 1856. Pawkanawkuts.— N. Y. Doc. 

 Col. Hist., IV, 615, note, 18.54. Pawkunnawkuts.— 

 Morton (1617), New Eng. Memorial, 38, 1855. 

 Fawkunnawkutts. — Gookin (1674) in Mass. Hist. 

 Soc. Coll., Ist s., I, 148,1806. PekSanokets.— Mau- 

 rault, Abenakis, 2, 1866. Pocanakets.— Morton 

 (1620), New Eng. Memorial, 42, 1855. Pocanakett.— 



Morton (1662) quoted bv Drake, Blc. Inds., bk.3, 

 17, 1848. Pocanauket.— Deed of 1649 in Ma.ss. Hist. 

 Soc. Coll., 2d s., VII, 139, 1818. Pocanawkits.— Brad- 

 ford (ca. 1650) , ibid. , 4th s. , iii, 96, 1856. Pocanoket.— 

 Thompson, Long Id., i, 456, 1843. Pocanokit.— 

 Dermer (1619) quoted by Drake, Bk.Inds., bk. 2, 

 20, 1848. Pockanockett.— Morton in Mass. Hi.st. 

 Soc. Coll., 1st s., VIII, 159, 1802. Pockanoky.— John- 

 son (1654), ibid., 2d .s.,ii, 66,1814. Pockonockett.— 

 Hinckley (1682), ibid., 4th s., v, 78, 1861. Poka- 

 nacket.— Hubbard (1680), ibid., 2d s., v, 32, 1815. 

 Pokanocket. — Hutchinson quoted by Freeman, 

 ibid., Ists., VIII, 1.59, 1802. Pokanokik.— Callender 

 (1739) in R. I. Hist. Soc. Coll., i v, 73, 1S3S. Pucka- 

 nokick.— Mourt (1622) in Ma.ss. Hist. Soc. Coll., 1st 

 s., VIII, 243, 1802. Sawaams.— Mourt (1622), ibid., 

 263. Sowaams. — Winslow (ca. 1623) quoted by 

 Drake, Bk. Inds., bk. 2, 31, 1848. Sowam.— Hoyt, 

 Antiq. Res., 34, 1824. Sowame.— Hubbard (1680) in 

 Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll., 2d s., v, 32, 1815. Sowames.— 

 Writer of 1627, ibid., 1st s., in, 52, 1794. Sowams.— 

 Letter of 1627, ibid., 4th s., Iii, 225, 18.56. Sowam- 

 sett. — Ma.son (1661) quoted bv Drake, Bk. Inds., 

 bk. 2, 100, 1848. Sowans.— Josselvn (1675) in Mass. 

 Hist. Soc. Coll., 3d s., III, 309, 1833. Sow-wames.— 

 Clark (1652), ibid., viii, 290, 1843. Sowwams.— Wil- 

 liams (1638), ibid., I 176, 1825. 



Poke. The pigeon-berry ( Phytolacxa de- 

 candra); also called poke-weed, poke-ber- 

 ry, pocan, pocan-bush, Indian jioke, poke- 

 root, etc. It was not named after Presi- 

 dent Polk, but the name was evidently 

 derived from the same source as puceoon. 

 See also I'ocan. (a. f. c. ) 



Pokegama. A former Chippewa vil- 

 lage on Pokegama lake, Pine co., Minn. 

 Pa'kegamang:. — VVm. Jones, inf'n, 1905 (correct 

 form). Pokagomin. — Washington treaty (1863) in 

 U. S. Ind. Treat., 215, 1873. Po-ka-guma.— War- 

 ren (1852) in Minn. Hist. Soc. Coll., v, 165, 1885. 

 Pokegama.— Ind. Aff. Rep. 1862, 3.54, 1863. Po-ke- 

 gom-maw. — Treaty of 1842 in Minn. Hist. Soc. 

 Coll., V, 491, 1885. Pokeguma.— Neill, ibid. 



Pokekooungo {Poke-koo-un' -go). The 

 Turtle clan of the Delawares. — Morgan, 

 Anc. Soc, 172, 1877. 



Pokeloken. Defined by Bartlett ( Diet, of 

 Americanisms, 478, 1877) as "an Indian 

 word used by hunters and lumbermen in 

 Maine and New Brunswick to denote a 

 marshy place or stagnant pool extending 

 into the land from a stream or lake." A 

 New Brunswick place name, Popelogan, 

 Pocologan, or Poclagain, is derived from 

 pecelaygcm, 'a place for stopping' (?) 

 in the Malecite dialect of Algonquian, by 

 Ganong_(Roy. Soc. Can., 263, 1896). 

 Tooker, in his discussion of poquosin, con- 

 siders pokeloken to be derived from the 

 same radical. SeeBogan. (a. f. c.) 



Poke-weed. See Pocan, Poke. 



Pokickery. See IRekory. 



Police. See Agency system. 



Polished Stone age. See Neolithic age. 



Polishing implements. Many of the im- 

 plements, ornaments, and other artifacts 

 of the native tribes were given a high de- 

 gree of finish by the use of polishing im- 

 plements. These necessarily varied in 

 form, material, and texture, according to 

 the material and form of the object treat- 

 ed. Wood, bone, stone, metal, and earth- 

 enware each required distinct treatment, 

 and special forms of polishing implements 

 were employed. The arrowshaft of wood 

 was polished with an implement of stone 



