BDLL. 30] 



PONE PONPON 



279 



cession of lauds, and the Sioux made an- 

 nual raids on the Ponca until the en- 

 forced removal of the tribe to Indian Ter. 

 took place in 1877. Through this war- 

 fare more than a quarter of the Ponca lost 

 their lives. The displacement of this 

 tribe from lands owned by them in fee 

 simple attracted attention, and a commis- 

 sion was appointed by President Hayes in 

 1880 to inquire into the matter; the com- 

 mission visited the Ponca settlements in 

 Indian Ter. and on the Niobrara, and 

 effected a satisfactory arrangement of 

 the affairs of the tribe, through which 

 the greater portion (some 600) remained 

 in Indian Ter., while some 225 kept their 

 reservation in Nebraska. The two bands 

 now (1906) number, respectively, 570 

 and 263; total, 833. Their lands have 

 been allotted to them in severalty. For 

 the treaties made by the Ponca, see 

 Treaties. The divisions or gentes as 

 given by Morgan (Anc. Soc, 155, 1877) 

 are as follows, the names following in 

 parentheses being the proper forms or 

 definitions according to La Flesche: 1, 

 Wasabe, 'grizzly bear' (properly black 

 bear); 2, Deagheta (Dhihida), 'many 

 people'; 3, Nakopozna (Nikapashna), 

 'elk'; 4, Mohkuh, 'skunk' (Moukou, 

 'medicine'); 5, Washaba, 'buffalo'; 6, 

 Wazhazha, 'snake'; 7, Nohga, 'medi- 

 cine' (Noughe, 'ice'); 8, Wahga, 'ice' 

 (Waga, 'jerked meat'). According to 

 Dorsey, the tribe is divided into two half- 

 tribes, Chizhu and Wazhazhe. Each 

 half-tribe contains 4 gentes: I. Chizhu 

 half-tribe: 1, Hisada; 2, Wasabehitazhi; 

 3, Dhighida; 4, Nikapashna. II. Wazh- 

 azhe half-tribe: 5, Makan; 6, Washabe; 

 7, Wazhazhe; 8, Nukhe. (.i. o.d. c. t. ) 

 Dihit.— Gatschet, MS., B. A. E. (Pawnee name). 

 Kan'ka". — Dorsey, Winnebago MS. vocab.,B. A. E., 

 18S6 (Winnebago name), la Pong. — Lewis and 

 Clark, Diseov., 21, 1806 (French traders' name). 

 Les Pongs. — Lewis quoted bv Coues, Lewis and 

 ClarkExped.,i,108,note20,l.S92. Li-hit'.— Dunbar 

 in Mag. Am. Hist., 252, 1880 (Pawnee name of 

 the Dhegida division, applied to the tribe). 

 Pana.— Marquette map(lG73) cited by Gale, Upper 

 Miss., 21',», 1867. Pana's.— Coxe, Canjiana, 16, 1741. 

 Pancas.— Ind. Aff. Rep., 16, 1842. Pancaws.— Ind. 

 Aff. Rep. 1854, 295, 1H.55. Pangkaws.— Hamilton 

 inSchoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, iv,406, l.sr>4. Pa"qka.— 

 Dorsey, Osage MS., B. A. E., 1883 (Osage name). 

 Pania.— Orig. Jour. Lewis and Clark, v, 366, 1905. 

 Panka.— Riggs in Lipi Gaye, Feb. 10, 1881 (Dakota 

 name). Paiika.— Dor.sey, Dhegiha MS. Diet., 1878 

 (own name). Paij'-ka. — Cook, Yankton MS. 

 vocab., B. A. E., 184, 1882. Pan'-ka.— Dorsey, 

 Kwapa MS. vocab., B. A. E. (Quapaw name). 

 Pan'ka". — Dor.sey, Tciwere MS. vocab., B. A. E., 

 1879 (Iowa, Oto. and Mi.ssouri name). Pocan. — 

 Fisher, Interesting Acct., 29, 1812. Ponars. — 

 Orig..Iour. Lewisand Clark, v, 366,1905. Poncahs. — 

 Long, Exped. Rocky Mts., ii, 364, 1823. Poncan.— 

 Lewis, Trav., 14, 1809. Poncar.— H. R. Ex. Doc. 

 117, 19th Cong., 1st sess., 6, 1826. Poncarars.— 

 Lewis and Clark Exped., i, map, 1814. Poncaras. — 

 Lewis and Clark, Diseov., 30, 1806. Poncare. — 

 Orig. Jour. Lewis and Clark, vi, 88, 1905. Pon- 

 carer.— Ibid., 1, 132, 1904. Poncaries.— Ibid. Pon'- 

 cars. — Lewisand Clark, Diseov., 21, 1806. Poncas. — 

 Flovd (1804) in Orig. Jour. Lewisand Clark, vii, 

 10, 1905. Poncaw.— Bean in H. R. Ex. Doc. 87, 2l8t 

 Cong., 1st sess., 40, 1829. Ponchas.— Balbi, Atlas 



Ethnog., 56, 1826. Poncrars.— Orig. Jour. Lewis 

 and Clark, 1, 29, 1901. Poncye.— Floyd (1804), ibid., 

 VII, 10, 1905. Pongkaws.— Gale, Upper Miss., 183, 

 1867. Poniars. — Am. St. Papers, Ind. Aff., I, 711, 

 1832. Ponka.— Nicollet, Rep. on Upper Miss. R., 

 map, 1843. Ponkahs. — Ramsey in Ind. Aff. Rep. 

 1849, 84, 18.50. Ponkas.— Orig. Jour. Lewis and 

 Clark, VI, 271, 1905. Pons.— Maximilian, Reise, ii, 

 632, 1841. Ponsars.— Farnham, Trav., 31, 1843. 

 Poong-car. — Lewis and Clark, Diseov., 21, 1806 

 (own name). Poukas.— Lewis, Trav., 3, 1809. 

 Puncah. — M'Coy, Ann. Reg., no. 2, 4, 1836. Puncas. — 

 De risle, map" {ca. 1703) in Neill, Hist. Minn., 

 164, 1858. Puncaw.— Long, Exjied. Rocky Mts., i, 

 343, 1823. Punchas.— Domenech, Deserts N.Am., 

 II, 306, 1860. Punchaws.— Sen. Ex. Doc. 47, 16th 

 Cong., 1st sess., 4, 1820. Punka.— Morgan in N. 

 Am. Rev., 46, Jan. 1870. Rihit.— Gatschet, MS., 

 B. A. E. (Pawnee name). Tchiaxsokush — Gatschet, 

 Caddo and Yatassi ISIS., B. A. K., 71 ( Caddo name). 

 Pone. Among the Powhatan tribes, a 

 ball or flat round cake made of a paste of 

 corn-meal and hot water, covered with 

 hot ashes in a fire-bed until baked, then 

 immediately dipped in water to clean it, 

 and afterward allowed to dry by its own 

 heat; or, asimilarcake made from the flour 

 obtained from certain edible roots and 

 seeds, and sometimes "buttered" with 

 deer's suet {riinga). The cake was some- 

 times put into a pot and boiled, and 

 afterward laid upon a smooth stone and 

 allowed to harden. (2) A kind of bread 

 or cake made of corn-meal, milk, and 

 eggs; called also corn pone. (3) A cake 

 made of grated sweet potatoes, sugar, and 

 spices, and called sweet-potato pone. 

 The word is from Powhatan dpdn '(some- 

 thing) baked', from (ipen 'she bakes'; 

 cognate with IMiddle States Lenape dpdn, 

 Munsee dclipdn, Caniba (Norridgewock) 

 abd»n, Passaiiiaquoddy dbdn. ( w. r. g. ) 

 Poniards. See Daggers. 

 Ponida { Po^ -ni-da) . A former Jova 

 pueblo situated on a small stream between 

 the Rio Batepito and the Chihuahua 

 boundary, lat. 29'' 10^ Ion. 110° 50^ E. 

 Sonora, Mexico (Doc. of 1764 quoted by 

 Bandelier in Arch. Inst. Papers, iv, 510, 

 1892 ) . The place, which is now civilized, 

 contained 153 inhabitants in 1900. 



Poningo. The principal village of the 

 Siwanoy in 1640, situated near the present 

 Rye, Westchester CO., N. Y. — Ruttenber, 

 Tnbes Hudson R., 367, 1872._ 



Ponoetaneo ('lower men', i. e. 'down- 

 river men' ). A local name now used by 

 the Cheyenne of Cantonment and the 

 upper Canadian, Okla., to designate those 

 living farther down the river, in the 

 neighborhood of Darlington. In Hay- 

 den's time {ca. 1860) it appears to have 

 been employed by the Northern Cheyenne 

 to designate those of the Southern group. 

 It is not a true divisional name. ( J. m. ) 



Ponoetaneo. — R. Petter, inf'n, 1906. Po-no-i'-ta- 

 ni-o. — Hayden, Ethnog. and Pliilol. Mo. Val., 



290, 1862. 



Ponokix (Po-no-^y, 'elk'). Given by 

 Morgan (Anc. Soc, 171, 1877) as a divi- 

 sion of the Kainah tribe of the Siksika. 

 Ci. SIksinokaks, 'Black Elks'. 



Poupon. A former village of the Yuchi 



