BULL. 30] 



POTAWATOMI 



291 



times the Potawatomi worshiped the sun 

 to some extent. — at least they sometimes 

 offered sacrifice in honor of the sun in 

 order that the sick might recover or that 

 some desire might be obtained. They 

 were accustomed, as were several other 

 tribes of the N. W., to hold what has 

 been called the "feast of dreams," dur- 

 ing which their special or individual 

 manito was selected. Dog meat was the 

 flesh chiefly used at this feast. Burial 

 was probably chiefly by inhumation, 

 though there is some evidence that 

 scaffold exposure was practised by the 

 western part of the tribe. Sir Daniel 

 Wilson alludes to certain graves sur- 

 mounted by small mounds, which the sur- 

 veyors informed him were Potawatomi 

 burial places. Other graves of the same 

 character found in Iowa are also known 

 to have been burial places of people of the 

 same tribe. Cremation was sometimes 

 resorted to, but this api^ears to have been 

 limited exclusively to those belonging to 

 the Rabbit gens. About the year 1825 

 many of them took up the doctrine of the 

 Kickapoo prophet Kanakuk. The Pota- 

 watomi have a tendency to elide vowels 

 and syllables, due to the rapidity with 

 which the dialect is spoken as compared 

 with that of the Ottawa and the Chip- 

 pewa (W. Jones, inf'n, 1906). 



Chauvignerie (1736) mentions among 

 the Potawatomi totems the golden carp, 

 frog, tortoise, crab, and crane. Accord- 

 ing to Morgan (Anc. Soc, 167, 1877) they 

 have 15 gentes, as follows: (1) Moah, 

 'Wolf; (2) Mko, 'Bear'; (3) Muk, 

 'Beaver'; (4) Misshawa, 'Elk'; (5) 

 Maak, 'Loon'; (6) Knou, 'Eagle'; (7) 

 Nma, 'Sturgeon' ; (8) Nmapena, 'Carp ' ; 

 (9) Mgezewa, 'Bald Eagle'; (10) Chek- 

 wa, 'Thunder'; (11) Wabozo, 'Rabbit'; 

 <12) Kakagshe, 'Crow'; (13) Wakeshi, 

 'Fox'; (14) Penna, 'Turkey'; (15) 

 Mketashshekakah, 'Black Hawk.' 



The tribe probably never greatly ex- 

 ceeded 3,000 souls, and most estimates 

 place them far below that nmnber. The 

 principal estimates give them about 

 1,500 in 1765, 1,750 in 1766, 2,250 in 1778, 

 2,000 in 1783, 1,200 in 1795, 2,500 in 1812, 

 3,400 in 1820, and 1,800 in 1843. The last 

 estimate does not include those who had 

 recently fled to Canada. In 1908 those 

 in the United States were reported to 

 number 2,522, distributed as follows: 

 Citizen Potawatomi in Oklahoma, 1,768; 

 Prairie band in Kansas, 676; and Pota- 

 watomi of Huron, in Calhoun co., Mich., 

 78. A few besides these are scattered 

 through their ancient territory and at 

 various other points. Those in British 

 territory are all in the province of Ontario 

 and number about 220, of whom 176 are 

 living with Chippewa and Ottawa on 

 Walpole id. in L. St Clair, and the remain- 



der (no longer officially reported) are 

 divided between Caradoc and Riviere 

 aux Sables, where they reside by permis- 

 sion of the Chippewa and Munsee. 



The Potawatomi have participated in 

 the following treaties with the United 

 States: Ft Harmar, Ohio, Jan. 9, 1789; 

 Greenville, Ohio, Aug. 3, 1795; Ft 

 Wayne, Ind., June 7, 1803; Ft Industry, 

 Ohio, July 4, 1805; Grouseland, Ind., 

 Aug. 21, 1805; Detroit, Mich., Nov. 17, 

 1807; Brownstown, Mich., Nov. 25, 1808; 

 Ft Wayne, Ind., Sept. 30, 1809; Green- 

 ville, Ohio, July 22, 1814; Portage des 

 Sioux, Mo., July 18, 1815; Spring Wells, 

 Mich., Sept. 8, 1815; St Louis, Mo., Aug. 

 24, 1816; Miami, Ohio, Sept. 29, 1817; St 

 Mary's, Ohio, Oct. 2, 1818; Chicago, 111., 

 Aug. 29, 1821; Prairie du Chien, Wis., 

 Aug. 19, 1825; Wabash, Ind., Oct. 16, 

 1826; St Joseph, Mich., Sept. 19, 1827; 

 Green Bay, Wis., Aug. 25, 1828; St 

 Joseph River, Mich., Sept. 20, 1828; 

 Prairie du Chien, Wis., July 29, 1829; 

 Camp Tippecanoe, Ind., Oct. 20, 1832; 

 Tippecanoe River, Ind., Oct. 26 and 27, 

 1832; Chicago, 111., Sept. 26, 1833; Lake 

 Maxeeniekuekee, Ind., Dec. 4, 1834; Tip- 

 pecanoe River, Ind., Dec. 10, 1834; Pota- 

 wattimie Mills, Ind., Dec. 16, 1834; 

 Logansport, Ind., Dec. 17, 1834; Turkey 

 Creek Prairie, Ind., Mar. 26, 1836; Tippe- 

 canoe River, Ind., Mar. 29 and Apr. 11, 

 1836; Indian Agency, Ind., Apr. 22, 1836; 

 Yellow River, Ind., Aug. 5, 1836; Chip- 

 pewanaung, Ind., Sept. 20, 22, and23, 1836; 

 Washington, D.C., Feb. 11, 1837; Council 

 Bluffs, Iowa, June 5 and 17, 1846; Kansas 

 River, Kan., Nov. 15, 1861; Washington, 

 D. C, Feb. 27, 1867. 



Thefollowingwere Potawatomi villages: 

 Abercronk (?), Ashkum's Village, Assimi- 

 nehkon, Aubbeenaubbee's Village, Che- 

 chawkose's Village, Chekase's Village, 

 Chichipe Outipe, Chippoy, Comoza's Vil- 

 lage, Kewigoshkeem's Village, Kinkash's 

 Village, Little Rock, Macon, Macousin, 

 Mangachqua, Maquanago (?), Masac's 

 Village, Matchebenashshewish's Village, 

 Maukekose's Village, Menominee's Vil- 

 lage, Menoquet's Village, Mesheketeno's 

 Village, Mescjuawbuck's Village, Mick- 

 kesawbee, Milwaukee, Minemaung's Vil- 

 lage, Mota's Village, Muskwawasepeotan, 

 Natowasepe, Nayonsay's Village, Pier- 

 rish's Village, Pokagon, Prairie Ronde, 

 Rock Village, Rum's Village, St Joseph 

 (mission) , St Michael (mission), Sawmeh- 

 naug, Seginsavin's Village, Shaytee's 

 Village, Shobonier's Village, Soldier's 

 Village, Tassinong, Toisa's Village, Ton- 

 quish's Village, Topenebee's Village, 

 Waisuskuck's Village, Wanatah, AVime- 

 go's Village, AVinamac's Village, AVonon- 

 goseak. (.i. m. j. n. b. h. ) 



Adawadenys. — Canajoharie conf. (1759) in N. Y. 

 Doc. Col. Hist., VII, 384, 1856 (probably an Iroquois 



