302 



POWHATAN 



[b. a. b. 



second moon of cohonks (geese), etc. 

 They divided the day into three parts, 

 "the rise, power, and lowering of the 

 sun." They kept their accounts by knots, 

 on strings or by notches on a sticli. 



The estimate of population given by 

 Smith is 2,400 warriors. Jefferson, on 

 the basis of this, made their total popu- 

 lation about 8,000. 



The tribes, in the order of their loca- 

 tion on Smith's map, were as follows: 

 Tauxenent, Fairfax co. ; Potomac, Staf- 

 ford and King George cos.; Cuttatawo- 

 men. King George co. ; Pissasec, King 

 George and Richmond cos. ; Onawmani- 

 ent, Westmoreland co. ; Rappahannock, 

 Richmond co. ; Moraughtacund, Lancas- 

 ter and Richmond cos.; Secacawoni, 

 Northumberland co. ; Wicocomoco, 

 Northumberland co. ; Nantaughtacund, 

 Essex and Caroline cos.; Mattapony, 

 Mattapony r. ; Mummapacune, York r. 

 (mentioned by Strachey); Pamunkey, 

 KingWilliamco. ; Werowocomoco, Glou- 

 cester CO. ; Fiankatank, Piankatank r. ; 

 Pataunck (mentioned by Strachey) and 

 Youghtanund, Pamunkey r. ; Chicka- 

 hominy, Chickahominy r. ; Powhatan, 

 Henrico co. ; Arrohattoc, Henrico co. ; 

 Weanoc, Charles City co. ; Paspahegh, 

 Charles City and James City cos. ; Chis- 

 kiac, York co. ; Kecoughtan, Elizabeth 

 City CO. ; Appomattoc, Chesterfield co. ; 

 Quioucohanoc, Surry co. ; Warrasqueoc, 

 Isle of Wight CO.; Nansemond, Nause- 

 mond CO.; Chesapeake, Princess Anne 

 CO. ; Accohanoc, Accomac and North- 

 ampton COS. ; Accomac, Northampton co. 

 Several other names appear in later times 

 as the broken tribes formed new combi- 

 nations. 



The following were Powhatan villages: 

 Accohanoc, Accomac, Acconoc, Acco- 

 queck, Accossuwinck, Aequack, Anaske- 

 noans, Appocant, Appomattoc, Arrohat- 

 toc, Askakep, Assaomeck, Assuweska, 

 Attamtuck, Aubomesk, Aureuapeugh, 

 Cantaunkack, Capahowasic, Cattachip- 

 tico, Cawwontoll, Chawopo, Checopisso- 

 wo, Chesakawon, Chesapeak, Chicones- 

 sex, Chincoteague, Chiskiac, Cinquack, 

 Cinquoteck, Cuttatawomen ( 1 ) , Cuttata- 

 women (2), Gangasco, Kapawnich, Kera- 

 hocak, Kiequotank, Kupkipcock, INIach- 

 apunga (1), Machapunga (2), Mama- 

 nahunt, Mamanassy, Mangoraca, Man- 

 toughquemec, Martoughquaunk, Massa- 

 woteck, Matchopick, Matchut, Matho- 

 mauk, Matomkin, Mattacock, Mattacunt, 

 Mattanock, Maysonec, Menapucunt, 

 Menaskunt, INIeyascosic, Mohominge, 

 Mokete, Moraughtacund, Mouanast, Mut- 

 chut, Muttamussinsack, Myghtuckpassu, 

 Namassingakent, Nameroughquena, Nan- 

 semond, Nantapoyac, Nantaughtacund, 

 Nawacaten, Nawnautough, Nechanicok, 

 Nepawtacum, Onancock, Onawmanient, 



Opiscopank, Oquomock, Orapaks, Otta- 

 chugh, Ozatawomen, Ozenic, Pamacocac, 

 Pamawauk, Pamuncoroy, Pamunkey, 

 Papiscone, Pasaughtacock, Paspahegh, 

 Paspanegh, Passaunkack, Pastanza, Paw- 

 cocomac, Peccarecamek, Piankatank, Pis- 

 sacoac, Pissasec, Poruptanck, Potaucao, 

 Potomac, Powcomonet, Powhatan, Poyek- 

 tauk, Poykemkack, Pungoteque, Quack- 

 cohowaon, Quioucohanock, Quiyough, 

 Rappahannock, Rickahake, Righkahauk, 

 Ritanoe, Roscows, Secacawoni, Secobec, 

 Shamapa, Skicoak, Sockobeck, Tantuc- 

 quask, Tauxenent, Teracosick, Utenstank, 

 IJttamussac, Uttamussamacoma, Waconi- 

 ask, Warrasqueoc, Weanoc, Wecuppom, 

 Werawahon, Werowacomoco, Wicocom- 

 oco, Winsack. 



In addition to the authorities found in 

 Arber's edition of Smith's Works, con- 

 sult Mooney, Willoughby, Gerard, and 

 Bushnell in Am. Anthrop., ix, no. 1, 

 1907. (j. M.) 



Fouhatan. — Hennepin, Cont. of NewDisoov., map, 

 1698. Powhatan.— De la Warre(1611)in Mass. Hist. 

 Soc. Coll., 4th s., IX, 5, 1871. Powhatanic confed- 

 eracy.— Kingsley, Stand. Nat. Hist., pt. 6, l.'il, 1885. 

 Powhattans. — Gallatin in Trans. Am. Ethnol. Soc, 

 II, civ, 1848. Sachdagughroonaw. — Ibid., 59 (Iro- 

 quois name). Sachdagughs. — Ibid. 



Powhatan. The ruling chief and prac- 

 tically the founder of the Powhatan con- 

 federacy (q. V.) in Virginia at the period 

 of the first English settlement. His proper 

 name was Wahunsonacock, but he was 

 commonly known as Powhatan from one 

 of his favorite residences at the falls of 

 James r. (Richmond). According to 

 Smith, of some 30 cognate tribes subject 

 to his rule in 1607, all but six were hia 

 own conquests. At the time of the com- 

 ing of the English, Powhatan is repre- 

 sented to have been about 60 years of age, 

 of dignified bearing, and reserved and 

 stern disposition. His first attitude to- 

 ward the whites was friendly although 

 suspicious, but hesoon became embittered 

 by the exactions of the newcomers. On 

 the treacherous seizure of his favorite 

 daughter, Pocahontas (q. v.), in 1613, he 

 became openly hostile, but was happily 

 converted for the time through her mar- 

 riage to Rolfe. He died in 1618, leaving 

 the succession to his brother, Opitchapan, 

 who however was soon superseded by a 

 younger brother, the noted Opechan- 

 canough (q. v.). (j. m.) 



Powhatan. The tribe which gave name 

 to the Powhatan confederacy. Its terri- 

 tory was in what is now Henrico co., Va., 

 and the tribe numbered about 150 in 1608. 

 The chief of the tribe at the time the 

 English commenced the settlement at 

 Jamestown was called Wahunsonacock, 

 but was commonly known to the whites 

 as Powhatan from his place of residence, 

 and the name was extended to the con- 

 federacy, (j. M.) 



