318 



PUEBLO QUEMADO PUEBLOS 



[ E. A. H. 



The site is an exceedingly interesting one 

 because of its situation, being well toward 

 the top of the continental divide and 

 likely to contain imi)ortant evidences of 

 contact with the Pueblos of the Rio 

 Grande drainage, particularly Jemez. 

 See Simpson, Exped. to Navajo Country, 

 81, 1850; Jackson in 10th Rep. Hayden 

 Surv., 1878. (e. l. h.) 



Kinkale.— E. L. Hewett, iiif n, 1905 ('large houses 

 surrounded by small ones': Navaho name). 

 Kinkyel. — Ibid. Pueblo Colorado. — Simpson, 

 Exped. Navajo Country, 75, 1850 (trans, 'red 

 town'). Pueblo de Montezuma.— Ibid, ('town of 

 Montezuma,' said to be so called by some of the 

 Pueblos). Pueblo de Katones.— Ibid. (Tat town': 

 trans, of Jemez name). Pueblo Grande. — Ibid. 

 ('great town': so called by a Navaho). Pueblo 

 Pintado.— Ibid. (Spanish name). 



Pueblo ftuemado (Span.: 'burnt vil- 

 lage'). An abandoned pueblo of the 

 Tano or the Tewa, (5 m. s. w. of Santa Fe, 

 N. Max. See Tzenatay. 

 Agua Frio.- Ea.stman, map' (1853) in Schoolcraft, 

 Ind. Tribes, iv, 24-'2.5, 1854 (misprint). Pueblo 

 quemado.— Onate (1.598) in Doe. Ined., xvi. 111, 

 1871 (possiblv identical), ftuimado.— Ritch, N. 

 Me.x., 166, 18.S5 (Agua Fria, or). 



Pueblo Raton (Mex.-Span.: 'rat vil- 

 lage ' ) . An Indian village in 1763 on Cayo 

 Ratones, about New r. inlet, s. e. coast of 

 Florida (Roberts, Fla., 21, 1763). The 

 inhabitants were probably a remnant of 

 the ancient Teque.sta tribe. (j. m. ) 



Pueblos ('towns', 'villages', so called 

 on account of the peculiar style of com- 

 pact permanent settlements of these peo- 

 ple, as distinguished from temporary 

 camps or scattered rancherias of less sub- 

 stantial houses). A term applied by the 

 Spaniards and adopted by English-speak- 

 ing people to designate all the Indians 

 who lived or are living in permanent 

 stone or adobe houses built into compact 

 villages in s. Colorado and central Utah, 

 and in New Mexico, Arizona, and the 

 adjacent Mexican territory, and extended 

 sometimes to include the settlements of 

 such tribes as the Pima and the Papago, 

 who led an agricultural life. The Pueblo 

 people of history comprise the Tanoan, 

 Keresan (Queres), and Zuilian linguistic 

 families of New Mexico, and the Hopi, 

 of Bhoshonean affinity, in n. e. Arizona. 

 These are distributed as follows, the 

 tribes or villages noted being only those 

 now existent or that recently have be- 

 come extinct: 



Habitat. — The Pueblo tribes of the his- 

 torical jieriod have been confined to the 

 area extending from n. e. Arizona to 

 the Rio Pecos in New Mexico (and, in- 

 trusively, into \v. Kansas), and from Taos 

 on the Rio Grande, New Mexico, in the 

 N., to a few miles below El Paso, Texas, 

 in the .s. The ancient domain of Pueblo 

 peoples, however, covered a much greater 

 territory, extending approximately from 

 w. Arizona to the Pecos and into the 

 Texas panhandle, and from central Utah 

 and s. Colorado indefinitely southward 

 into Mexico, where the remains of 

 their habitations have not yet been clearly 

 distinguished from those of the northern 

 Aztec. 



Ilidori/. — Of the Pueblo tribes the Zuiii 

 were the first to become known to civilized 

 people. In 1539 P'ray Marco.s of Niza, a 

 Franciscan, journeyed northward from 

 the City of Mexico, accompanied by a 

 Barbary negro known as Estevan, or 

 Estevanico, who had been a companion 

 of Cabeza de Vaca and the two other 

 SpanishsurvivorsofNarvaez's expedition, 

 shipwrecked in theGulf of Mexicoin 1528. 

 The negro went ahead of the friar to pre- 

 pare the way, but contrary to instructions 

 reached a province that became known as 

 the Seven Cities of Cibola, unquestionably 

 identified with the Zuiii villages of w. 

 New Mexico, far in advance of Fray Mar- 

 cos. Here Estevanico, with some of the 

 Indians who had followed him, was killed 

 by the Zuiii. A few days later the friar 

 viewed from an adjacent height a town 

 identified as Hawikuh, the first one seen 

 in journeying toward the n. e. ; then 

 planting a cross and taking formal posses- 

 sion of the new countrj' in the name of 

 Spain, he hastened back to the City of 

 Mexico, where he presented a glowing 

 report of what he had seen and heard. 



Fired with enthusiasm at the report of 

 riches in the northern country, the Vice- 

 roy JNIendoza organized an expedition, 

 under Francisco Vasquez de Coronado, 

 which, for wealth of equipment and for 

 the prominence of the men who accom- 

 panied it, has nevet been equaled in the 

 annals of A merican exploration. Guided 

 by Fray Marcos of Niza, the expedition 

 departed from Compostela, Feb. 23, 1540, 

 and reached Culiacan Mar. 28. On Apr. 



